秦皇岛近岸海域绿藻微观繁殖体的分布以及在绿潮形成中的作用

2015年以来，秦皇岛近岸海域暴发了绿潮，对北戴河旅游区的环境和生态系统造成了严重影响。绿藻微观繁殖体在绿潮的形成过程中起到重要作用，主要包括孢子、配子、幼苗和营养片段。绿藻微观繁殖体作为绿潮的“种源”，其分布规律可以反映绿潮的“藻源”位置。本研究于2016年4-9月和2017年1月对秦皇岛近岸海域绿藻微观繁殖体的调查，探究了其分布规律以及生物量变化。结果显示，绿藻微观繁殖体主要分布在近岸海域，由近岸向远岸海域逐渐降低。绿藻微观繁殖体的数量在7、8月份最高，在冬季最低。受绿潮影响严重的海域微观繁殖体数量高于其它海域。秦皇岛近岸海域的绿藻微观繁殖体为该海域绿潮的种源，其分布规律表明秦皇岛近岸海域绿潮起源于本地。     

碳酸盐型磷矿的反浮选工艺研究

针对某碳酸盐型磷矿,采用反浮选工艺流程进行试验研究,获得了低镁优质磷精矿。反浮选工艺具有药剂种类少,分选效率高,选矿技术指标先进,操作控制容易等优点,是选别碳酸盐型磷矿的先进浮选工艺。     

基于DSM阴影仿真和高度场光线跟踪的影像阴影检测

介绍了一个建筑物阴影检测的模型。首先利用摄影测量学原理来计算阴影坐标。即用数字表面模型(digitalsurfacemodel,缩写为DSM)和太阳高度和方位来计算建筑物阴影的空间坐标,并由相机模型计算出每个阴影单元对应的扫描行和相机空间坐标。由高度场光线跟踪判断阴影的可见性,对可见阴影计算出它在投影图像上的坐标。然后在这个结果的基础上再对图像进行阴影的细分割。     

Biomarkers in the Molar Tooth （MT）-Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China

The origin of Molar Tooth (MT) carbonates has been argued for more than 100 years, which are a kind of Proterozoic carbonates especially composed of microsparite with ptygmatically folded and sheet-like structures. Biomarkers detected in the microcalcsparite from the Wanlong and Xingmincun formations in the Jilin-Liaoning area showed there are abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoids, hopanes, steranes, alkylmethylcyclohexanes, and alkyleyclohexanes, indicating a diversity of biological source: long-chain isoprenoids, the major components of chlorophyll, such as C19, C20, a kind of major biomarkers synthesized early by isoprenoid monomers; hopanes a type of characteristic biomarkers from prokaryote, such as archaebacteria and cyanobacteria; sterane a biomarker for eukaryote; and two kinds of alkanes with C17, C18 as the main peaks representing aquatic bacteria and with C23, C24 as the main peaks representing fungi, respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that MT is the result of bacterial and algal activities, which is a kind of organisms between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, reproducing well in normal or slightly saline sea water under weak oxidation-reduction conditions, resulting in rapid deposition of calcite as microsparite clue to some mechanisms.     

发现于我国渤海辽东湾的海洋甲藻新种-渤海异冒藻(Heterocapsa bohaiensis sp. nov.)

A small armed dinoflagellate bloomed in the aquaculture ponds off the coast of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea of China,resulting in heavy mortalities of the cultured prawns(Penaeus japonicus) and larvae of Chinese mitten handed crabs(Eriocheir sinensis). The bloom-forming species was successfully isolated, and cellular morphology of the specimen was consequently investigated through light, fluorescent and electron microscopy. The small((14.4±1.6) μm in length) ellipsoid cells show typical Heterocapsa thecal plate arrangement(Po, cp, 5′, 3 a, 7′′, 6 c,5 s, 5′′′, 2′′′′). The episome is evidently bigger than the hyposome. One to three spherical pyrenoids are located above or beside the large elongated nucleus. The body scale is characterized by a triangle basal plate with one central upright and nine peripheral spines. Above all, Heterocapsa bohaiensis could be distinguished from other Heterocapsa species by the combination of the cell size, morphology, cellular structure and body scale. Sequence analyses of both ITS and LSU regions reveal the significant genetic divergence between H. bohaiensis and other established species in this genus, further supporting novelty of this species. Noticeably, different sample treatment methods resulted in morphological variation of the apical pore complex(APC) of H. bohaiensis, which needs to be taken into account in future study.     

同步辐射软X射线吸收谱与发射谱测定天然针铁矿能带结构

天然半导体矿物由于成分、缺陷复杂,传统测试方法如紫外可见漫反射等难以准确测定其禁带宽度.本文以针铁矿为例,通过第一性原理计算得到纯针铁矿及掺Al针铁矿的电子结构.计算结果显示,纯针铁矿导带底与价带顶均由Fe3d与O2p轨道组成,而当含杂质Al时,Al2p与O2p发生杂化参与了价带组成.在此基础上,利用同步辐射X射线氧的K边吸收谱与发射谱对纯针铁矿及天然针铁矿的能带结构进行了测定.结果表明,天然含Al的针铁矿禁带宽度为2.30eV,小于纯针铁矿(2.57eV).本研究提供了一种测定天然氧化物矿物禁带宽度的新方法,为深入研究天然半导体可见光催化活性产生机制提供了理论依据.     

温度、盐度和光照对浒苔生长和光合作用的影响

Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceeding in the Yellow Sea since 2007. It was, however, unclear how the detached U. prolifera responded and resumed growing after they detached from its original habitat. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of the detached U. prolifera to various temperature, salinity and irradiance in the laboratory. The photosynthetic rate of the detached U. prolifera was significantly higher at moderate temperature levels(14–27°C)and high salinity(26–32), with optimum at 23°C and 32. Both low(14°C) and highest temperature(40°C), as well as low salinity(8) had adverse effects on the photosynthesis. Compared with the other Ulva species, U. prolifera showed higher saturated irradiance and no significant photoinhibition at high irradiance, indicating the great tolerance of U. prolifera to the high irradiance. The dense branch and complex structure of floating mats could help protect the thalli and reduce photoinhibition in field. Furthermore, temperature exerted a stronger influence on the growth rate of the detached U. prolifera compared to salinity. Overall, the high growth rate of this detached U. prolifera(10.6%–16.7% d~(–1)) at a wide range of temperature(5–32°C) and salinity(14–32) implied its blooming tendency with fluctuated salinity and temperature during floating. The environmental parameters in the southwestern Yellow Sea at the beginning of green tide were coincident with the optimal conditions for the detached U. prolifera.     

崇明岛东滩湿地芦苇光合作用对土壤水盐因子的响应

2015年3~10月,在崇明岛东滩湿地设置7块采样地,以不同水盐条件下生长的芦苇(Phragmites australis)为材料,应用便携式光合系统分析仪(Li-6400),对芦苇的光响应特征进行实地测定,探讨芦苇光合过程对干旱和盐胁迫的响应机理。结果表明:1各月采样日的水位与土壤电导率显著负相关(n=420,p0.01),适当增加土壤水位,有利于降低土壤电导率,从而缓解植物盐胁迫伤害;28月21日的芦苇叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度与水位显著正相关(n=42,p0.01),而与土壤电导率显著负相关(n=42,p0.01);胞间CO2浓度与水位和土壤电导率不相关。当水位高于-50 cm,净光合速率随着水位下降而降低,非气孔因素可能是净光合速率下降的主要原因;当水位低于-50 cm时,土壤电导率高于10 m S/cm,叶片蒸腾速率快速降低,水分利用效率不断提高,芦苇叶片以较低的净光合速率来适应干旱胁迫和盐胁迫;芦苇叶片通过降低最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、光补偿点和光饱和点等光合生理特征来适应干旱胁迫和盐胁迫;芦苇叶片净光合速率和最大净光合速率对土壤水盐因子具有高度相关性,可以作为土壤水盐胁迫程度的反应指标。因此,在芦苇快速生长阶段,合理调控水位,对芦苇光合作用具有重要意义。     

新常态下不动产统一登记档案管理的思考

国务院公布了《不动产登国记暂行条例》（以下简称《条例》）,对不动产登记机构、登记簿、登记程序、登记信息共享与保护等作出了详细规定,为不动产档案管理迎来改革创新的重要机遇。不动产登记档案是不动产统一登记工作不可或缺的重要部分,直接关系到登记工作能否顺利开展、登记信息能否方便查询、登记结果的社会公信力等问题。     

浅海Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)对微生物诱导形成锰碳酸盐的影响

为了模拟浅海环境下锰氧化物微生物还原作用诱导碳酸盐沉淀的过程,选取最常见的锰氧化物-水钠锰矿(K_(0.33)Mn_7O_(14)·7H_2O)为研究对象,在不同种类与浓度盐离子(Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-))存在条件下开展异化锰还原菌Dietzia cercidiphylli 45-1b好氧还原水钠锰矿的实验研究.通过测试体系蛋白、Mn~(2+)等离子浓度变化,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线吸收谱(XAS)表征反应前后矿物结构变化,来探讨不同初始Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)浓度对于菌株45-1b还原水钠锰矿及诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀的影响.结果显示体系pH值在4天内从7.0迅速上升至9.3,Mn~(2+)浓度在2天内迅速上升至166μmol/L,随后迅速下降至8μmol/L(第4天),其好氧还原产物为菱锰矿(MnCO3),且其产生量随Mg~(2+)浓度的升高而降低,随SO_4~(2-)浓度的升高而升高.上述实验结果表明好氧环境下菌株45-1b能够利用乙酸为电子供体,水钠锰矿为电子受体还原水钠锰矿释放Mn~(2+),最终转化有机碳为无机碳酸盐矿物菱锰矿.Mg~(2+)通过影响微生物生长和菱锰矿成核对水钠锰矿的还原及菱锰矿沉淀产生抑制作用,而SO_4~(2-)可以缓解Mg~(2+)的抑制作用并促进水钠锰矿的还原及菱锰矿沉淀.