Mapping Geochemical Anomalies Through Integrating Random Forest and Metric Learning Methods

Extracting geochemical anomalies from geochemical exploration data is one of the most important activities in mineral exploration. Geochemical anomaly detection can be regarded as a binary classification problem. The similarity between geochemical samples can be measured by their distance. The key issue of this classification is to find the intrinsic relationship and distance between geochemical samples to separate geochemical anomalies from background. In this paper, a hybrid method that integrates random forest and metric learning (RFML) is used to identify geochemical anomalies related to Fe-polymetallic mineralization in Southwest Fujian Province of China. RFML does not require any specific statistical assumption on geochemical data, nor does it depend on sufficient known mineral occurrences as the prior knowledge. The geochemical anomaly map obtained by the RFML method showed that the known Fe deposits and the generated geochemical anomaly area have strong spatial association. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic curves for the results of RFML and another method, namely maximum margin metric learning, indicated that the RFML method exhibited better performance, suggesting that RFML can be effectively applied to recognize geochemical anomalies.

     

北方涛动同北半球温带大气环流的遥相关(二)——季节变化

在以前工作的基础上,本文进一步分析了各个季节北方涛动和与其相联系的北太平洋海温同北半球温带大气环流遥相关的特征,并与南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温的结果进行了比较,发现它们同北半球温带大气环流的遥相关,不仅具有很强的地区性,而且具有明显的季节变化。 冬季,北方涛动和北太平洋海温与PNA型相关非常明显,且比南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温的更密切。除PNA型外,北方涛动还同500hPa高度的亚洲-北美(ANA)流型有联系。 夏季,PNA遥相关型的表现仍然非常清楚,但位置较冬季偏酉和偏北,并在北美西海岸具有特殊的分叉现象。     

中国东部的降水区划及备区旱涝变化的特征

为了研究我国旱涝发生的规律、成因和预测，事先掌握降水的气候型区和各区降水变化的气候特征是十分必要的。本文利用１９５１—１９８６年中国东部１４０个站的月降水资料，分析了下半年降水相对系数、月际和年际标准差等参量时空变化的特征，并综合应用逐级归并法和成批调整法，对中国东部地区进行了降水气候区的划分。在此基础上，进一步探讨了各区旱涝的频数和长期变化的趋势。     

中国东部的降水区划及各区旱涝变化的特征

为了研究我国旱涝发生的规律、成因和预测，事先掌握降水的气候型区和各区降水变化的气候特征是十分必要的。本文利用1951-1986年中国东部140个站的月降水资料，分析了下半年降水相对系数、月际和年际标准差等参量时空变化的特征，并综合应用逐级归并法和成批调整法，对中国东部地区进行了降水气候区的划分。在此基础上，进一步探讨了各区旱涝的频数和长期变化的趋势。     

浙江冰雹天气与边界层辐合的关系

通过七次冰雹天气过程的分析,发现浙江地区大范围降雹过程之前,对流层中下层并不一定有大尺度辐合和上升运动,而是与边界层辐合却有着十分密切的关系.降雹前,边界层中都有辐合线存在,与此相应,有较强的质量和水汽通量辐合.无辐合线,则无大范围的冰雹天气发生.冰雹区的水汽通量散度垂直分布有明显特点,水汽辐合多集中于边界层内,辐合最大值在950百帕附近,850百帕以上辐合很小,甚至是辐散.还发现边界层辐合的强度与冷锋位置有关.     

PNA流型的年际变化及温、热带太平洋海温的作用

本文分析了PNA型环流的年际变化和影响因子,发现它存在两种优势周期振荡:一种是3—5年的振荡,另一种是10年左右的振荡.研究表明,前者与赤道太平洋海温的主要振荡周期相对应(同相关系),后者与北太平洋海温的主要振荡周期一致(反相关系).揭示了PNA型环流的变化与北太平洋海温比与赤道太平洋海温具有更密切的联系.并且由于北太平洋海温影响的频带与赤道太平洋海温的不同,它的作用有时与赤道太平洋海温的同相,有时则反相,使得ENSO与太平洋-北美地区大气环流和气候异常的关系变得复杂化.指出当考虑北太平洋海温的共同作用后     

Interannual Fluctuations of Surface Air Temperature over North America and Its Relationship to the North Pacific SST Anomaly

The characteristics of interannual fluctuations of the surface air temperature over North America are investigated by using the surface air temperature data of 130 stations during 1941 through 1980. It is found that the surface air temperature bears about ten-year time scale oscillation over the southeastern and northwestern North America and along the west coast of the United States, and it has the characteristics of quasibiennial oscillation over the eastern North America. The ten-year scale oscillation of the surface air temperature is related to that of the sea surface temperature (SST) of North Pacific through the PNA pattern atmospheric circulation anomaly over North Pacific through North America. It is shown that the North Pacific SST has a closer association with the surface air temperature over North America than the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST. The characteristics of the seasonal variations of the relationship between the North Pacific SST and the surface air temperature over No     

Synergistic contribution of precipitation anomalies over northwestern India and the South China Sea to high temperature over the Yangtze River Valley

This study explores the characteristics of high temperature anomalies over eastern China and associated influencing factors using observations and model outputs. Results show that more long-duration (over 8 days) high temperature events occur over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) than over the surrounding regions, and control most of the interannual variation of summer mean temperature in situ. The synergistic effect of summer precipitation over the South China Sea (SCS) region (18°-27°N, 115°-124°E) and the northwestern India and Arabian Sea (IAS) region (18°-27°N, 60°-80°E) contributes more significantly to the variation of summer YRV temperature, relative to the respective SCS or IAS precipitation anomaly. More precipitation (enhanced condensational heating) over the SCS region strengthens the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and simultaneously weakens the westerly trough over the east coast of Asia, and accordingly results in associated high temperature anomalies over the YRV region through stimulating an East Asia-Pacific (EAP) pattern. More precipitation over the IAS region further adjusts the variations of the WPSH and westerly trough, and eventually reinforces high temperature anomalies over the YRV region. Furthermore, the condensational heating related to more IAS precipitation can adjust upper-tropospheric easterly anomalies over the YRV region by exciting a circumglobal teleconnection, inducing cold horizontal temperature advection and related anomalous descent, which is also conducive to the YRV high temperature anomalies. The reproduction of the above association in the model results indicates that the above results can be explained both statistically and dynamically.