大数据驱动下的数字古地理重建：现状与展望

古地理学是一门强数据依赖性学科,古地理重建作为古地理学的核心任务之一,着眼于研究地质历史时期地球表面的地理、生物、气候面貌及其演化规律。随着大数据时代的来临,海量古地理数据的不断积累和计算机技术的高速发展使得标准化、智能化的数字古地理重建成为可能。文章通过介绍国内外与古地理相关的代表数据库及团队,总结其优缺点,提出大数据驱动下的数字古地理重建核心思路:(1)建立标准化的古地理学知识体系;(2)建立开放互动、动态更新的古地理数据库,并利用机器阅读技术等拓展数据来源;(3)建立标准化的古地理学数据质量控制体系;(4)利用机器学习技术建立各类型古地理重建模型,深度挖掘数据;(5)以可实时更新的智能数字地图集或多维动画形式输出成果。     

全球城市研究热点与进展——首届“全球城市与城市区域”青年学者学术研讨会会议综述

首届"全球城市与城市区域"青年学者学术研讨会暨华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院学术论坛于2018年11月16-17日在上海华东师范大学中山北路校区成功举办,来自英国、中国香港和上海等科研院所的城市地理学界的30多位学者,其中不乏国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目入选者、中组部"青年千人计划"入选者等,参加了本次会议。会议经过热烈而富有成效的讨论后一致认为,全体城市研究热点为全球城市空间更新、全球城市区域发展、全球城市创建政策和全球城市区域网络等。与会学者还讨论了中国全球城市与区域研究发展方向。     

灌河口近岸海域春季海洋环境现状调查

【目的】调查灌河口邻近海域生态环境状况。【方法】2016年5月对该海域进行水质、沉积物和生物生态现状调查。【结果与结论】水质主要超标因子为无机氮、磷酸盐;沉积物质量监测项目全部符合一类沉积物质量标准。浮游植物生物多样性指数丰富(3.11),浮游动物、游泳动物的生物多样性指数较丰富(大于2),底栖生物较贫乏(0.97)。底栖生物密度与沉积物硫化物显著正相关。浮游植物密度与叶素绿a显著正相关。小型网浮游动物密度与水温、化学需氧量显著负相关,其种类与营养盐、化学需氧量显著负相关,二者均与盐度显著正相关。     

利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼，Illex argentinus，巴塔哥尼亚南部群体是重要的经济种类。海洋环境因子在柔鱼资源分布中起着重要的作用。本研究利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估2000-2010年的滑柔鱼的资源量。假设海洋环境因子（滑柔鱼产卵场最适宜海表温度占比）影响动态产量模型的参数K，DIC值表明在正态分布和均匀分布下均是基于环境因子的评估模型优于基本的动态产量模型。阿根廷滑柔鱼的最大可持续产量（MSY）在351600吨到685 100吨之间，资源生物量在1322400吨到1 803 000吨之间，其捕捞死亡系数均小于F_0.1和F_MSY，资源处在良好状态，没有遭受过度捕捞。本研究为应用环境因子在柔鱼类的资源评估与管理提中供了科学的参考方法。     

Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: Amethodology proposal

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services (PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.     

Porphyry Deposits of the South Urals: Rhenium Distribution

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.     

New observations and transit solutions of the inflated exoplanets HAT-P-40b and HAT-P-51b

We present high-precision photometric observations of the transiting exoplanets HAT-P-40 b and HAT-P-51 b by the Rozhen 2-m telescope.The newly-observed transit of HAT-P-40 b is the first one with a complete curve.The orbital periods of the two targets were improved.We modeled the observed transits and found bigger stellar radii than those derived from the stellar models.The planet radii of HATP-40 b and HAT-P-51 b obtained from our transit solutions are bigger than the values calculated by the empirical relations for Jupiter-mass and Saturn-mass planets respectively.Their values reveal the highlyinflated nature of the two targets,especially that of HAT-P-51 b.We established that the best transit solutions correspond to a quadratic limb-darkening law.The fitted limb-darkening coefficients of HAT-P-40 are close to the theoretical ones while those of HAT-P-51 are a little different.The precise astrometric Gaia distances of the two targets are smaller by 6%–7%than the calculated values from the stellar models.We propose the Gaia distances to be used for improvement of the stellar models as well as for more reliable calculation of the parameters of the known exoplanets.     

The electromagnetic and gravitational-wave radiations of X-ray transient CDF-S XT2

Binary neutron star(NS)mergers may result in remnants of supra-massive or even stable NS,which have been supported indirectly by observed X-ray plateau of some gamma-ray burst(GRB)afterglows.Recently,Xue et al.(2019)discovered an X-ray transient CDF-S XT2 that is powered by a magnetar from merger of double NS via X-ray plateau and following stepper phase.However,the decay slope after the plateau emission is slightly larger than the theoretical value of spin-down in electromagnetic(EM)dominated by losing its rotation energy.In this paper,we assume that the feature of X-ray emission is caused by a supra-massive magnetar central engine for surviving thousands of seconds to collapse into a black hole.Within this scenario,we present the comparisons of the X-ray plateau luminosity,break time,and the parameters of magnetar between CDF-S XT2 and other short GRBs with internal plateau samples.By adopting the collapse time to constrain the equation of state(EOS),we find that three EOSs(GM1,DD2,and DDME2)are consistent with the observational data.On the other hand,if the most released rotation energy of magnetar is dominated by GW radiation,we also constrain the upper limit of ellipticity of NS for given EOS,and its range is[0.32-1.3]×10^-3.Its GW signal cannot be detected by Advanced LIGO or even for more sensitive Einstein Telescope in the future.