暴雨区的能量积聚和释放

从第二类有限区域湿有效能量收支方程出发，计算方程主要几项的数值，分析广东省三次暴雨的能量积聚和释放。结果表明：暴雨区及其临近地区在暴雨过程之前、暴雨中期和暴雨之后，不但各项的数值有很大差异，而且各项所起的作用也明显不同。     

1991年江淮梅雨期欧洲中期天气预报中心降水预报的检验

1 前言1991年5—7月江淮地区出现了异常的梅雨天气,梅雨开始得早,持续时间长,强度大,从降水预报的观点看十分困难,对于降水数值预报难度尤其大。目前国内外的降水预报虽然有一定能力和技巧,但要较准确地预报这次特大暴雨还是有很大困难的。欧洲中期天气预报中心制作的预报,目前放认为     

1990 年京津冀三次暴雨的分析

本文分析了1990年京津冀地区三次暴雨过程，结果发现:（1）三次暴雨是属于相伴有冷锋的高空槽影响的暴雨；（2）暴雨开始前约10小时雨区的西南方存在湿有效能量高能舌，高能舌的西方和北方有能量和水汽的积聚；（3）对流层低层的锋生和地形对气流的抬升作用是触发暴雨开始的直接原因。     

广东“5.24”暴雨的湿有效能量分析

利用海峡两岸及邻近地区暴雨试验期间的时间加密观测资料,分析了1998年5月24日发生在广东省的一次暴雨过程。发现湿有效能量与此次暴雨降水的关系比较清楚。降水开始前,暴雨区的能量显著增加,强降水开始于能量显著减少时;强降水时,暴雨区的能量出现小幅反弹;当暴雨区能量再次显著减少后暴雨降水结束;这是一次能量锋暴雨,暴雨开始前有能量锋生现象发生,暴雨强降水时段与强能量锋同步,暴雨区位于高能舌北侧能量锋附近。     

连晴和连阴雨前两支气流变化的一般特点

本文使用10次连晴和7次连阴雨天气过程合成资料，分析了长江中下游春季连晴和连阴雨前700hPa的流场及青藏高原东北侧和东南侧两支气流变化的一般特点。结果发现，连晴前，高原东侧纬向气流较弱，北支气流向南扩展，使高原东侧的流场变成连晴时的经向型；连阴雨前，高原东侧有较强的纬向气流，南支气流向北扩展，是造成连阴雨时两支气流相向运动较强的主要原因。     

第二次“湿有效能量推广应用经验交流会”简况

第二次“湿有效能量推广应用经验交流会”于1983年12月15—19日在杭州召开。会议收到材料133篇,交流了40篇。 1983年7月,陕南继19—21日出现暴雨后,28—31日又出现连续暴雨,致使汉江水位猛涨,安康遭受水灾。陕西省气象台与汉中地区气象台在1982年试用的基础上,1983年7月将湿有效能量方法正式投入试用。从试用效果看,均提供了比较可靠的信息,对作好安康暴雨的预报起到了一定的作用。     

THE ENERGETIC AGGREGATION AND RESLEASE IN THE HEAVY RAIN REGION

Using the new formula of moist available energy (MAE), the value of the MAE’s key terms of three heavy rainfall cases in Guangdong province in 1998 was calculated. The energetic aggregation and energetic discharge are analyzed. It shows that the value of the key terms in the formula appears different feature clearly in the different precipitation period, as well as the function of each term presents in the heavy rain region.     

Integrated geophysical and chemical study of saline water intrusion

Surface geophysical surveys provide an effective way to image the subsurface and the ground water zone without a large number of observation wells. DC resistivity sounding generally identifies the subsurface formations-the aquifer zone as well as the formations saturated with saline/brackish water. However, the method has serious ambiguities in distinguishing the geological formations of similar resistivities such as saline sand and saline clay, or water quality such as fresh or saline, in a low resistivity formation. In order to minimize the ambiguity and ascertain the efficacy of data integration techniques in ground water and saline contamination studies, a combined geophysical survey and periodic chemical analysis of ground water were carried out employing DC resistivity profiling, resistivity sounding, and shallow seismic refraction methods. By constraining resistivity interpretation with inputs from seismic refraction and chemical analysis, the data integration study proved to be a powerful method for identification of the subsurface formations, ground water zones, the subsurface saline/brackish water zones, and the probable mode and cause of saline water intrusion in an inland aquifer. A case study presented here illustrates these principles. Resistivity sounding alone had earlier failed to identify the different formations in the saline environment. Data integration and resistivity interpretation constrained by water quality analysis led to a new concept of minimum resistivity for ground water-bearing zones, which is the optimum value of resistivity of a subsurface formation in an area below which ground water contained in it is saline/brackish and unsuitable for drinking.