Fast adsorption of microcystin-LR by Fe(III)-modified powdered activated carbon

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic hepatotoxic peptides produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis and present a public health hazard to humans and...     

基于纹理和空间特征的中分辨率影像滨海水产养殖用地提取研究

近年来,水产养殖用地分布广泛,但由于其在影像上所表现的复杂性和不均匀性,造成该用地类型提取中的困难,尤其针对中分辨率遥感影像。对此,本文提出了一种基于纹理和空间特征的养殖用地提取方法,该方法主要包括3个步骤：首先,利用纹理熵和归一化差异水体指数NDWI实现水产养殖用地的粗提取;然后,依据相邻地物间的关系实现同类型地物合并;最后,本文构建一种相对宽度作为地物的近似宽度,再次利用NDWI实现水产养殖用地的准确识别。本文以越南万丰湾为研究区域,以Landat-8融合影像（融合后的像元大小为15 m）的目视解译结果为标准,对本文方法与最小距离法分类结果进行比较。实验结果表明,该方法的精度可达91.13%,远高于传统的面向对象方法,并且所提方法的错误率和虚假率分别为0.09%和8.87％,表明了该方法可靠性,因而该方法可为基于中分辨率影像的地物类型提取提供一种有效手段。     

Phase behaviour of P-SV converted waves recorded at the sea-bed

Shear waves recorded at or near the sea-bed, i.e. a water–sediment interface, may suffer from unwanted phase change, which is detrimental to velocity analysis and processing and degrades the quality of the final stacked or migrated image. In this study, this phenomenon is analysed for P-SV converted waves recorded at the sea-bed. Theoretical analysis shows that phase change does not occur if the converted shear waves always maintain raypaths that lie within the critical angle, provided the subsurface layering is horizontal. A phase change that is asymmetric with offset can readily be explained as being due to dipping layers at targets or the dipping sea-bed. This analysis is extended to multiple layers and anisotropic media and shows that the same conclusions hold. The analysis performed on two sets of ocean-bottom-cable seismic data shows that the majority of observations show little evidence of phase change, and occasionally display the asymmetric phase change with offset. This finding underlines the robustness of converted shear waves for imaging the horizontal subsurfaces and sea-bed as all of the offset information may be used.     

利用自回归模型检测地球极移重力效应

同时采用4个台站的国际超导重力仪长期连续重力观测资料和国际地球自转服务中心提供的同步地球自转参数，研究了极移引起的地球重力场变化特征。利用自回归模型估计了各序列的功率谱密度和积谱密度，结果表明极移导致的重力效应的主要能量集中在Chandler摆动和周年项附近，叠积后实际重力观测与极移重力信号理论值之间的差异分别为0．4％和3．9％，说明超导重力仪可有效监测极移导致的重力变化。     

γ射线暴研究概况

γ射线暴(简称γ暴)的研究自1997年以来由于余辉的发现而有了很大的突破。在此，对γ暴的观测作了简要的概述，而对γ暴的理论进展和存在问题进行了较为全面的评述，内容包括γ暴本身、余辉、能源机制、寄主星系、暴周环境、高能粒子和引力波辐射、宇宙学意义等。     

Optical Flash of GRB 990123: Constraints on the Physical Parameters of the Reverse Shock

The optical flash accompanying GRB 990123 is believed to be powered by the reverse shock of a thin shell. With the best-fit physical parameters for GRB 990123 and the assumption that the parameters in the optical flash are the same as in the afterglow, we show that: 1) the shell is thick rather than thin, and we have provided the light curve for the thick shell case which coincides with the observation; 2) the theoretical peak flux of the optical flash accounts for only 3×10~-4 of the observed. In order to remove this discrepancy, the physical parameters, the electron energy and magnetic ratios, εe and εB, should be 0.61 and 0.39, which are very different from their values for the late afterglow.     

Simulations of a giant hybrid air shower detector

We have used Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the capabilities of a giant air shower observatory designed to detect showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies exceeding 10¹⁹ eV. The observatory is to consist of an array of detectors that will characterise the air shower at ground level, and optical detectors to measure the fluorescence light emitted by the shower in the atmosphere. Using these detectors together in a ‘hybrid’ configuration, we find that precise geometrical reconstruction of the shower axis is possible, leading to excellent resolution in energy. The technique is also shown to provide very good reconstruction below 10¹⁹ eV, at energies where the ground array is not fully efficient.     

A micromechanical finite element model for linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixture

This study presents a finite element (FE) micromechanical modelling approach for the simulation of linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixture. Asphalt mixture is a composite material of graded aggregates bound with mastic (asphalt and fine aggregates). The microstructural model of asphalt mixture incorporates an equivalent lattice network structure whereby intergranular load transfer is simulated through an effective asphalt mastic zone. The finite element model integrates the ABAQUS user material subroutine with continuum elements for the effective asphalt mastic and rigid body elements for each aggregate. A unified approach is proposed using Schapery non‐linear viscoelastic model for the rate‐independent and rate‐dependent damage behaviour. A finite element incremental algorithm with a recursive relationship for three‐dimensional (3D) linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour is developed. This algorithm is used in a 3D user‐defined material model for the asphalt mastic to predict global linear and damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixture. For linear viscoelastic study, the creep stiffnesses of mastic and asphalt mixture at different temperatures are measured in laboratory. A regression‐fitting method is employed to calibrate generalized Maxwell models with Prony series and generate master stiffness curves for mastic and asphalt mixture. A computational model is developed with image analysis of sectioned surface of a test specimen. The viscoelastic prediction of mixture creep stiffness with the calibrated mastic material parameters is compared with mixture master stiffness curve over a reduced time period. In regard to damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour, cyclic loading responses of linear and rate‐independent damage‐coupled viscoelastic materials are compared. Effects of particular microstructure parameters on the rate‐independent damage‐coupled viscoelastic behaviour are also investigated with finite element simulations of asphalt numerical samples. Further study describes loading rate effects on the asphalt viscoelastic properties and rate‐dependent damage behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biogenic silicate accumulation in sediments, Jiaozhou Bay

1 INTRODUCTION Silicate, or silicic acid (H4SiO4), is a very im- portant nutrient in the ocean. Unlike other major nu- trients such as phosphate and nitrate or ammonium, which are needed by almost all marine plankton, silicate is an essential chemical req…