Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because fish live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the influence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the effects of stocking density. The fish were reared for 220 days at five densities (A: 24 kg/m³; B: 21 kg/m³; C: 15 kg/m³; D: 9 kg/ m³ and E: 6 kg/m³ ). The results show that 30 kg/m³ might be the maximum density which RAS can afford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m³ have no effect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and weight gain in the high density group were significantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate (FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T₃ and GH showed significant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone (T₃), GH (growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no effects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise efficient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.

     

试论质量体系有效性的保持

提出了保持质量体系有效运行的前提和基础 ,关键和保证措施 ,并指出了组织企业保持质量体系持续有效的方法和途径。     

基于车载序列影像的建筑立面纹理的快速重建

提出了一种基于车载序列影像的建筑立面纹理快速重建的方法。首先进行影像预处理,包括畸变差改正、树木遮挡去除等,然后对影像进行自动纠正,在此基础上,自动选择拼接点对影像进行拼接。实验证明了本文方法的有效性。     

北京正负电子对撞机注入器复测分析

介绍北京正负电子对撞机注和器复测的精度要求，阐述采用波带板激光准直系统与精密水准测量相结合的方法，进行注入器复测的观测、数据处理与调整。根据复测数据分析了隧道地基变形与加速管位置变形及其规律，提出了一些有益的结论与建议。     

Exhumation during crustal folding in the Namche-Barwa syntaxis

Geological observation in the eastern end of the Himalaya shows that the Asia/India Suture is folded. Metamorphic rocks derived from India occur structurally below the suture, in the core of a regional antiform. Isotopic and fission track dating establish cooling-exhumation of rocks from c.30 km depth within the last 4 Myr. We argue that exhumation is caused by ～ 10 mm yr^-1 erosion coeval with crustal scale folding.     

舟山北部海域海底第四系淡水资源赋存潜力

为了解东海舟山北部海域海底第四系淡水资源赋存情况，本文在系统分析舟山北部海域地质钻孔和单道地震资料基础上，分析了研究海域海底第四纪地层结构与沉积环境，阐述了研究海域海底松散沉积物分布规律，探讨了上海陆地地区早更新世中、晚期和早期古河道在研究海域的延伸和分布状况，分析了研究海域海底第四系含水层赋存状况。研究海域第四系可供开发利用的主要含水层为早更新世中、晚期的第四承压含水层（Ⅳ）和早更新世早期的第五承压含水层（Ⅴ）；第四承压含水层古河道分布区富水性最佳，含水层顶部发育厚层黏性土隔水层区域赋存淡水资源的可能性很大，含水层开发利用潜力可分为开发前景良好A区、开发前景较好B区和开发前景一般C区3类；第五承压含水层在古河道分布区富水性强，具有很好的淡水赋存潜力和良好的开发利用前景。     

Population Genetic Structure of Rock Bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis> Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1884) Revealed by mtDNA COI Sequence in Korea and China

The rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, is a common rocky reef game fish in East Asia and recently has become an aquaculture species. Despite its commercial importance, the population genetic structure of this fish species remains poorly understood. In this study, 163 specimens were collected from 6 localities along the coastal waters of Korea and China and their genetic variation was analyzed with mtDNA COI sequences. A total of 34 polymorphic sites were detected which determined 30 haplotypes. The genetic pattern reveals a low level of nucleotide diversity (0.04 ± 0.003) but a high level of haplotype diversity (0.83 ± 0.02). The 30 haplotypes are divided into two major genealogical clades: one that consists of only Zhoushan (ZS, East China Sea) specific haplotypes from the southern East China Sea and the other that consists of the remaining haplotypes from the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and East Sea/Sea of Japan. The two clades are separated by approximately 330~435 kyBP. Analyses of AMOVA and F_st show a significant population differentiation between the ZS sample and the other ones, corroborating separation of the two genealogical clades. Larval dispersal and the fresh Yangtze River plume are invoked as the main determining factors for this population genetic structure of O. fasciatus. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses indicate late Pleistocene population expansion along the coastal waters of Korea and China approximately 133–183 kyBP during which there were periodic cycles of glaciations and deglaciations. Such population information needs to be taken into account when stock enhancement and conservation measures are implemented for this fisheries species.     

河北东坪金矿地质地球化学特征

东坪金矿位于河北省崇礼区,大地构造处于华北地台北缘,燕辽沉降带与内蒙地轴结合处南侧,距尚义-崇礼-赤城深大断裂10km。区内出露地层主要为太古界桑干群变质岩系,岩性以片麻岩为主。区内断裂构造较发育,主要有EW向,NW向和NE向,其中以EW向的最为发育。 区内岩浆岩也比较发育,沿尚义-崇礼-赤城深大断裂分布,主要有小张家口超基性岩、水泉沟碱性杂岩和上水泉花岗岩。水泉沟碱性杂岩体呈EW向展布,向南北两侧倾斜,主要岩性为碱性长石正长岩、辉石角闪碱性长石正长岩、辉石角闪正长岩和角闪碱性长石正长岩等。     

Significant population genetic structure detected in the rock bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis> (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1844) inferred from fluorescent-AFLP analysis

Oplegnathus fasciatus (rock bream) is a commercial rocky reef fish species in East Asia that has been considered for aquaculture. We estimated the population genetic diversity and population structure of the species along the coastal waters of China using fluorescent-amplified fragment length polymorphisms technology. Using 53 individuals from three populations and four pairs of selective primers, we amplified 1 264 bands, 98.73% of which were polymorphic. The Zhoushan population showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon genetic diversity. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 59.55% of genetic variation existed among populations and 40.45% occurred within populations, which indicated that a significant population genetic structure existed in the species. The pairwise fixation index F _st ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and were significant after sequential Bonferroni correction. The topology of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree showed two significant genealogical branches corresponding to the sampling locations of North and South China. The AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses suggested that the O. fasciatus populations examined should comprise two stocks.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区含融化夹层路基的热状态

基于青藏铁路K1496+750监测断面含融化夹层路基长达10 a的地温监测数据,分析了在气候转暖及工程活动下天然场地及路基左右路肩下多年冻土热状态年变化过程、融化夹层的年变化过程及其对多年冻土热状态的影响。结果表明：监测断面天然场地、左右路肩下多年冻土上限逐年下降,热稳定性逐年降低;观测期内,左路肩下发育有融化夹层,融化夹层厚度在波动中呈增厚趋势,且其增厚主要是由多年冻土人为上限下降所致,而天然场地及右路肩下未发育融化夹层;多年冻土上限附近土体热积累显著,进而导致多年冻土上限逐年下降及其附近土体温度逐年升高,弱化了多年冻土的热稳定性;后期增加的块石护坡和热管两种具有“主动冷却”效能的工程补强措施很好的改善了路基的热稳定性,右路肩经工程补强措施后,多年冻土人为上限得到显著抬升,热稳定性得到显著改善,而左路肩由于融化夹层的存在,工程补强措施仅仅维持了当前多年冻土热状态,融化夹层的存在一定程度上弱化了工程补强措施所产生的冷却效能。