Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.     

基于PSR-WSVM模型的边坡位移预测

为建立高精度的边坡位移预测模型，采用相空间重构（PSR）将边坡位移时间序列数据转换为多维数据，同时构造小波核函数改进的支持向量机模型，建立PSR-WSVM模型并应用于边坡位移预测。将PSR-WSVM模型预测结果与传统支持向量机（SVM）模型、小波支持向量机（WSVM）模型和基于相空间重构的支持向量机（PSR-SVM）模型预测结果进行对比，通过平均绝对误差（MAE）、平均绝对误差百分比（MAPE）和均方根误差（RMSE）3个精度评价指标验证PSR-WSVM模型的可行性。工程实例结果表明，PSR-WSVM模型预测结果的3个精度评价指标都优于另外3种模型，边坡位移预测的精度明显提升。     

苏北浅滩沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性

本研究通过在2017年秋冬季组织实施的2个绿潮种源调查航次,研究苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性。对沉积物中的微观繁殖体的定量实验结果表明:表层泥样中绿藻微观繁殖体的丰度最高,随着深度的增加迅速降低。在9月份表层沉积物中丰度为9±2ind./g,而在11月份表层丰度达到98±25ind./g;与9月份相比, 11月份浅滩沉积物中绿藻繁殖体数量呈现出显著升高的趋势。通过对51个绿藻样品的分子鉴定发现:沉积物中存在石莼属(Ulva)、尾孢藻属(Urospora)、盘苔属(Blidingia)等大型绿藻的微观繁殖体;数量占优是石莼属繁殖体,主要包括曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza);其中曲浒苔占据的比例最高,在9和11月份分别达到80.94%和73.33%。在2个调查航次中,都从沉积物中发现了绿潮浒苔的微观繁殖体,这些微观繁殖体是绿潮浒苔在苏北浅滩种源维持的重要方式和关键阶段,也构成了黄海浒苔绿潮连年暴发的"种子库"。     

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.     

经济地理学视角下创新网络与区域增长研究述评

创新是引领经济发展的第一动力，创新与区域增长之间的关系成为经济地理学者关注的重点领域。文章通过梳理近年来有关创新网络测度、创新网络与区域增长关系、创新网络作用于区域增长方式等方面的文献发现：网络资本可以弥补社会资本在解释企业创新结网经济价值方面的不足，区域增长呈现出网络化特征已成为学界共识，知识流与邻近性能较好地解释创新网络与区域增长的关系机理。然而，当前研究对社会资本如何促进区域增长，网络资本与区域增长关系模型如何构建，不同类型的邻近性与知识对区域增长的影响有何差异等问题尚不明确，建议重视网络资本对区域增长的作用并实证检验二者的关联，同时还应重视创新网络中企业家精神、创新个体心理行为特征等因素对区域增长的影响。     

铜藻(Sargassum horneri)在营养限制胁迫后对NH4-N的超补偿吸收研究

以经济马尾藻铜藻(Sargassum horneri)为研究材料,研究了其在营养限制胁迫后对NH_4-N的超补偿吸收情况。实验分营养限制和恢复营养两个阶段进行,每个阶段均设置饥饿处理组、饱和处理组和正常对照组。铜藻在低营养限制胁迫(饥饿)下培养10天后,恢复营养盐培养3天,分别采用次溴酸盐氧化法和锌镉还原法测定培养液中的NH_4-N和NO_3-N的浓度。本文研究发现,饥饿处理组中铜藻吸收氨氮的速率远高于正常对照组和饱和处理组,在恢复培养第一天时,饥饿处理组对NH_4-N的吸收速率最高为14.94μmol/(g·h),与正常对照组及饱和处理组间差异显著。在恢复培养的后两天,三个处理组中铜藻对NH_4-N的吸收速率差异慢慢变小,直至最后几乎相同。三组对NO_3-N没有表现出较高的吸收,最高仅为6.15μmol/(g·h),结果表明:氮源包括NH_4-N和NO_3-N时,铜藻优先选择吸收NH_4-N。实验后称重测定生长速率:对照组、饥饿处理组和饱和组生长率(SGR)分别为8.48%、8.86%、8.01%,ANOVA方差分析表明,三者存在显著差异(P=0.0320.05),从而证实了铜藻也存在超补偿生长的现象。     

Photosynthetic response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scirpus validus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Typha orientalis</Emphasis> to elevated temperatures in Dianchi Lake,Southwestern China

Understanding the effects of simulated warming on photosynthetic performance of aquatic plants may provide strong supports for predicting future dynamics of wetland ecosystems in the context of climate change. The plateau wetlands located in Yunnan province are highly sensitive to climate warming due to their high altitude and cold temperature. Here, we conducted a temperaturecontrolled experiment using two temperature manipulations (ambient temperature as the control and 2°C higher than ambient temperature as the warmed treatment) to determine the photosynthetic characteristics of two lakeside dominant species (Scirpus validus Vahl and Typha orientalis C. Presl.) in Dianchi Lake. Net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), and transpiration rate of S. validus that grew under warmed treatment were all significantly higher than those under the control. G_s and C_i of T. orientalis showed similar patterns as S. validus did. For the response curves of P_n to photosynthetic active radiation (Pn-PAR) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (P_n-C_i), S. validus had higher P_n values under elevated temperatures than the control, while P_n-PAR and P_n-C_i curves of T. orientalis did not separate clearly under two temperature scenarios. Both S. validus and T. orientalis had higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, dark respiration rate, the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation (V_cmax), maximum electron transport rate driving RuBP regeneration (J_max), the ratio of V_cmax to J_max, triosephosphate utilization, and 1, 5-bishosphate carboxylase ribulose content under warmed treatment than those under the control. This study provides a preliminary step for predicting the future primary production and vegetation dynamics of plateau wetlands in Yunnan province.     

两株南极枝孢霉属真菌Cladosporium sp.NJF4和NJF6的次级代谢产物研究

南极因其独特的自然环境成为潜在、重要的微生物资源库,是产生新型生物活性物质和先导化合物菌株的潜在种源地,南极微生物正在成为创新药物研究新的重要资源。虽然近年来对南极微生物次级代谢产物的研究逐渐增加,但与温带和热带微生物研究相比仍处于初级阶段。对从南极普里兹湾海洋沉积物中获得的两株枝孢霉属真菌Cladosporium sp. NJF4和NJF6进行次级代谢产物分离及结构鉴定,获得20个化合物。化合物结构类型包括甾醇(1)、倍半萜类(7—8)、生物碱类(9—14)、二酮哌嗪(2—5、15—17)、芳香酸(6、18—19)等,其中倍半萜类(7—8)为首次从枝孢霉属真菌中分离得到,以上研究将为丰富南极微生物次级代谢产物库奠定一定的研究基础。     

流星暴的航天定义

定义ZHR^*以每小时穿过1000平方公里天顶截面的，能在铝质表面打出直径不小于1厘米的弹坑的流星体数，作为流星群对航天安全威胁强度的定量标志，给出了从ZHR到ZHR^*的换算公式．用ZHR^*取代ZHR来评价20世纪90年代以来的一些强流星雨，发现1998年的贾可比尼(天龙座)流星雨对航天安全来说，是比公认的1999、2001、2002年3次狮子座流星暴强数倍的更强流星暴．     

GIS支持下长江口南支河道百年来的演变

利用长江口南支河道1900—2001年的5幅海图资料,在GIS的支持下,建立了百年来长江口南支河道的水下数字高程模型(DEM),在此基础上对其演变特征进行了计算和分析。结果表明:(1)1900—2001年间南支河道表现为微冲,不同时段的冲淤状况不同。(2)南支河道的冲淤演变主要表现为5个水道和4个成形沙体的冲淤变化,各水道的最大水深和成形沙体的总面积和总体积都呈不断增大趋势。(3)南支河道各主要断面以复式河槽为主,主槽位于南岸,且最大水深不断增大。位于南支河道入口处和出口处断面的变化比中段断面的变化剧烈。(4)南支河道的演变是自然演变和人工控制共同作用的结果。