The Origin of the Water-Gaps on the Yangtze and Chialing Rivers

正 INTRODUCTION Ⅰ.General Principles Theoretically speaking, under the normal cycle of erosion rivers tend to adjust themselves to structure as the cycle advances and complete adjustment should     

杭州湾大型底栖动物季节分布及环境相关性分析

对杭州湾大型底栖动物进行了夏(2006年7-8月)、冬(2006年12月-2007年1月)、春(2007年4月)、秋(2007年10-11月)季调查,分析了大型底栖动物的季节分布及其与环境的关系。结果表明:本海域四季共鉴定出113种大型底栖动物,多毛类、软体动物和甲壳类是该海域大型底栖动物的主要类群;主要优势种为双鳃内卷齿蚕、西方似蛰虫和多鳃卷吻沙蚕等多毛类。方差分析表明,除甲壳类丰度外,杭州湾大型底栖动物群落参数无显著季节差异,群落分析表明,杭州湾群落特点比较单一,未分辨出显著差异的群落;丰度/生物量比较法分析表明,秋季杭州湾海域受到了污染的扰动;典范对应分析表明,多毛类主要受物理因子(如温度、盐度、水深等)影响,而软体动物、甲壳类和其他类动物主要受生物化学因子(如叶绿素、总有机碳、浮游生物等)影响。从典范对应分析的结果,可以推断出杭州湾大型底栖动物受自然环境特征的影响较人类活动的影响大。     

Impulsive force of debris flow on a curved dam

Although Sabo dams are an efficient method for river and basin management, traditional Sabo dams have a great impact on ecology and landscape. Moreover, such dams are hit and often damaged by great impulsive force when they block the debris flow. Therefore, alternative shapes for Sabo dam deserve thorough investigation. In this investigation, a curved dam was designed by changing the upstream-dam-surface geometric shape to reduce the impulsive force of the debris flow, with enhanced stability and reduced concrete mass being the anticipated outcomes. In this study, the flume and laboratory facilities simulated the impulsive force of the debris flow to the Sabo dams. Three geometric forms, including vertical, slanted and curved Sabo dams, were used to determine the impulsive force. Impulsive force theories of the debris flow were derived from the momentum equation and the Bernoulli equation. In these, the impulsive force was balanced by the friction force of the Sabo dam and the opposite force of the load cell behind the dam as it was hit by the debris flow. Positive correlations were found when comparing the experimental data with the theoretical results. These findings suggest that our impulsive force theory has predictive validity with regard to the experimental data. The results from both theory and experimental data clearly show that curved darns were sustained less force than the other darns under the same debris flow. This comparison demonstrates the importance of curved geometry for a well-designed Sabo dam.     

On the Causes of Climatic Change and the Last Quaternary Glaciation in Asia

The geological events happened since the beginning of the building of theraised coral reefs may be summarized as follows: 1. The period of the formation of raised coral reefs seems to coincidewith the last interglacial stage, at least in Asia. This will be termed the"Tateyama Reef Stage." In this period it was not the climate of the wholeworld, but the location of latitude that was different from that of present.Latitudes of places in Asia were about 5 degrees nearer to the equator than theyare now. The...     

On the Water Temperature of the Western Pacific During Early and Late Plestocene as Deduced from the Growth Rate of Fossil Corals

Some years have elapsed since I began my studies on both fossil andrecent reef-building corals.Intensive as well as extensive investigations     

Cambrian and Silurian Formations of Malung and Chütsing Districts,Yunnan

The region of Malung and Chutsing was first visited by V. K.Ting as far back as 1914. Besides reconnaissance mapping a considerablenumber of fossils were collected. These were sent to C. D. Walcott ofthe Smithsonian Institution, who, together with Kirk, McEwan and     

岩石快速全分析

前言岩石的化学分析法,早在20世纪初期由W.F.希里布兰德(Hillebrand)和H.S.华盛顿(Washington)进行过较详细的研究。其中特別是华盛顿为了探索各种岩石中元素的平均含量,曾在这方面做了很多工作。 1936年,A.W.格罗维斯(Groves)编写了“硅酸盐分析”一书,书中內容与华盛顿的岩石化学分析方法大同小异。随后这方面的文章和书籍不断的增多。     

由地壳的相对运动估计1967年炉霍地震后该地区的地震趋势

1967年8月30日,曾在我国四川省甘孜藏族自治州炉霍县境内,发生了一次M=6.8级地震.震中位置是北纬31°.6,东经100°.3。地震发生后,立即进行了现场考察,对该地区的地震发展趋势作出了估计。当时若根据康定一甘孜断裂带所作的蠕变曲线估计,则该地区地震能量已基本释放完毕(图     

大气能量传播及不同纬度间大气相互作用的研究进展

早期的理论分析认为大气中临界纬度的存在使得热带-热带外的大气活动互不影响。然而,大量的观测事实表明中低纬度大气运动存在着明显的动力联系。为了帮助人们更好地理解大气中的遥相关现象,在大量文献的基础上,综述了几种波能量传播理论:(1) 大圆理论指出了罗斯贝波在球形大气中的传播特征;(2) 西风通道理论发现了中纬度瞬变扰动越赤道传播的“走廊”;(3) 能量堆积-波列发射理论揭示了热带扰动影响到更高纬度大气活动的可能过程;(4) 赤道波侧向膨胀理论则利用转折纬度的概念更进一步解释了这种中低纬度大气相互作用的物理机制;(5) 经向基本流理论则认为在一定的条件下定常波可以穿过热带东风带传播到另一半球。此外,文中还回顾了在波-流相互作用诊断方面的研究进展,尤其是关于罗斯贝波、惯性重力波和赤道开尔文波。大气能量的经向传播具有显著的年变化和年际变化,这与ENSO、西风急流、大洋中部槽等的变化密切相关。     

Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring

Automated, real-time, and continuous techniques for monitoring suspended sediment concentration in rivers and reservoirs can play an important role in the improvement of the quantity and quality of sediment data, and are valuable to the management of water environment, water conservancy, hazard prevention, and water resources. Research in the monitoring techniques has examined the possibility of using the characteristics of dielectric constants for detecting soil moisture and concentration of air-water two-phase flow, based on the fact that dielectric constants of sediment, air and water are different. A capacitance sensor was developed to monitor the silt suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) in a recent study, following the principle that as SSSC increases in the sediment-water mixture, the apparent dielectric constant of the water sample also increases and therefore the capacitance detected by the sensing system also increases. It is demonstrated that the variations in the concentration of silt sediment correlates positively with the variations in observed capacitance in a linear fashion, and correlates negatively with voltage outputs but also in a linear fashion. The correlation coefficients reached above 0.98. The overall errors in estimated concentrations range between 0.26% and 2.91%. Elements in the capacitance sensor system such as the frequencies of the signal generating system, areas of the electrode plates, and effects of sample temperature have also been evaluated. The results illustrated that the capacitance sensor techniques can be applied to monitoring SSSC automatically and continuously. Also, the range of SSSC in the experiment reached 200 kg/m³; therefore, the application of this technique in practical SSSC monitoring is worthy of further research.