Spatial and temporal trend of sewage pollution indicated by coprostanol in Macao Estuary,southern China

Bottom sediments and a ²¹⁰Pb dated sedimentary core in Macao Estuary were quantitatively analyzed with GC-MS for coprostanol and other sterols. Higher coprostanol concentrations were detected at Port Interior and Lower Qianshan River, indicative of serious sewage pollution from densely populated Macao Island and Zhuhai City. However, very low concentrations of coprostanol were detected around Coloane Island as well as Port Exterior and Maliuzhou River except sites adjacent sewage outlets. Coprostanol pollution in Macao Estuary originates mainly from locally direct discharge of untreated wastewater. The concentrations of coprostanol in ZJ-9 were mainly in range of 150–280 ng/g with an average of 210 ng/g for more than 20 years from early 1970s to early 1990s. However, it increased obviously since 1993, and reached the highest in 1995–1996. However, a sharp decrease of coprostanol concentration from 470 to 31 ng/g after 1996 was observed corresponding to the first wastewater treatment plant in Taipa Island going into action.     

珠江口沉积柱样^210Pb法年龄测定结果及其环境地球化学意义

提供了珠江河口及河道１０个沉积柱＾２１０Ｐｂ法的ＣＦ模式（稳恒放射性通量模式）和ＣＡ模式（稳恒初始放射性模式）的年龄测定结果,并据此讨论珠江三角洲近百年来沉积环境的演化,研究结果表明,西江河道和珠江广州河道１９８０年以前沉积速率为０．５－１．０ｃｍ／ａ．１９８０年以后沉积速率增长加快,９０年代达到４－６ｃｍ／ａ,沉积通量为４－６ｇ／（ｃｍ＾２．ａ）河口沉积速率逐年增长趋势,但一般比河道柱样小得多,     

系缆损伤对绷紧式系泊系统动力响应的影响

探究合成纤维系缆损伤对绷紧式系泊系统响应的影响,具有重要的工程意义。通过高强聚乙烯(HMPE)缆绳损伤动刚度实验,获得其动刚度随损伤的演变规律。在数值计算上,借鉴并合理简化了前人提出的动刚度经验公式,通过处理实验结果确定动刚度经验公式的参数并进行验证。在此基础上,以一座采用高强聚乙烯缆绳为主体系缆的FPSO为例,将所得动刚度经验公式导入系泊分析软件,结合水动力分析,计算得到在相同海洋环境中,系缆发生不同程度损伤时,各系缆张力和平台偏移响应的结果。通过处理、分析所得的计算结果,获得合成纤维缆绳损伤演变对绷紧式系泊系统响应的影响规律,并据此为系缆更换提供了建议。这些成果既有利于把握绷紧式系泊系统的非线性动力响应,也对安全、经济、合理地运用合成纤维系缆具有重要意义。     

AIRS资料质量控制对飓风路径模拟的影响试验

对WRFDA模式中AIRS亮温资料质量控制方案进行了检验,并以美国Earl飓风为例进行数值试验,研究了质量控制方案对飓风路径模拟的影响。试验结果表明:WRFDA模式中11条质量控制原则对红外高光谱AIRS亮温资料的同化效果影响很大,不论是加入逐条质量控制原则,还是缺席某条质量控制原则,飓风路径的模拟情况都比不上控制试验;而在所有质量控制原则都加入之后,在大部分模拟时段内同化试验中模拟的飓风路径偏差都要小于控制试验,而且同化试验中最大路径偏差也小于控制试验。不同的质量控制原则对观测资料的过滤能力也不一样,其中地表发射率Jacobian分量检测、临边检测、云检测和SST检测等4个质量控制原则剔除卫星资料数量相对较多。本文中AIRS亮温资料质量控制方案的对比试验,可以为中国发展红外高光谱卫星系统提供非常有益的借鉴和参考。     

祁连山南坡灌丛草甸生物量变化与水热因子的关系研究

通过野外调研和室内实验,研究了祁连山南坡灌丛草甸地上生物量的生长季变化,并对地上生物量与水热因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在不同区域群落结构有所不同,覆盖度越低,上层和下层的植物高度越低,丰富度和多样性越小。但均匀度还受草场退化阶段的影响,群落结构相对稳定,植物的均匀度越高;地上生物量的年内变化是单峰曲线,乌鞘岭和门源的地上生物量在7月份最大,祁连和野牛沟的地上生物量在9月份最大;地上生物量的积累与前1月和前2月的气温和降水正相关,与前4月的气温也正相关,并且对气温变化的敏感性大于降水,但与地温和土壤水分的相关性不明显,前1月表层地温较高对地上生物量的积累有积极作用;对于地上生物量积累,日气温、日相对湿度、降水量有直接正向作用,而日最高气温、日最低气温、日水汽压有直接负向作用,5 cm、20 cm地温和0~10 cm、20~30 cm土壤水分也有直接正向作用,而10 cm地温和10~20 cm土壤水分也有直接负向作用。     

论川东北地区发现的高密度甲烷包裹体类型与油裂解气和页岩气勘探评价

据甲烷包裹体的产出特征和显微激光拉曼分析研究,近年来在川东北地区先后发现了多种类型的高密度甲烷包裹体,揭示了油气藏和石油包裹体的高温热演化作用的重要信息：普光气田三叠系碳酸盐和碎屑岩储层中含焦沥青的高密度甲烷包裹体分别反映了早期油藏阶段矿物捕获的石油包裹体经后期高温极端裂解的成因;普光5井碳酸盐储层中含H2S而不含焦沥青的高密度甲烷包裹体,反映了古油藏高温裂解阶段新生方解石捕获了储层中富含CH4也有“TSR”成因的H2S流体的信息;五科一井下志留统黑色硅质岩石英中发现的高密度甲烷包裹体和少量含轻烃包裹体,反映了本区富有机质的下志留统高演化程度的黑色页岩在地质历史中存在高压甲烷和轻烃产出的证据。以上各种高密度甲烷包裹体成因机理和形成的高温度高压力条件,为川东北地区古油藏裂解气和志留系“页岩气”的勘探评价提供了科学依据。     

中老铁路桥梁桩基岩溶处理施工技术研究

依托中老铁路朋松楠松河特大桥岩溶桩基施工,综合工程安全、质量、工期、成本、环境等多方面因素,研究不同发育形态岩溶较适用的处理技术,对比分析抛填黏土片石筑壁法、钢护筒跟进法及两者相结合的处理方法在不同发育形态岩溶处理中的优缺点和适用性,结果表明:对于小型空洞、中型全填充或局部填充溶洞,抛填黏土片石筑壁法可快速、高效、经济地完成溶洞处理;对于中型空洞、大型溶洞、形成较大地下水流通道的溶洞,抛填黏土片石筑壁法与钢护筒跟进法相结合的处理方法有效解决了单个处理措施施工中伴随的工效低、易塌孔、灌注混凝土超方、钢护筒挤压变形等问题,经济、高效地完成了该溶洞处理。根据本研究成果,提出了桥梁桩基岩溶处理较适用的选定原则及控制要点。      

Research on Correlation Between Abutment Pressure and Gas Drainage Flow of Coal Seam

In this paper, based on the field test of No.S3012 working face of Shan Mushu Coal Mine in Sichuan Coal Group, monitoring the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow during the mining process, studying the change law of the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow of the coal seam, and using the numerical simulation method research on the evolution of abutment pressure and displacement of coal seam during the mining process. The results shown that: with the advance of coal mining face, the abutment pressure of coal seam can be divided into stress decreasing area, stress increasing area and original stress area, and the stress state of coal seam and the pore, crack structure and permeability of coal body are obviously changed. With the advance of the mining face, the abutment pressure in front and back of the coal mining face is the moving abutment pressure, and the coal mining face to be in the pressure relief area, the front abutment pressure peak value deep into the coal body 5–10 m, the influence scope reaches the front coal mining face to 90–100 m, this area is the stress increasing area. And the evolution law of the roof displacement of goaf is similar to the elliptical with the axial ratio changes, when the ratio is close to 1, the roof subsidence affected area is similar to the shape of “O”.     

Experimental Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Gypsum Rock During High-Temperature Dehydration–Hydration Expansion

Natural Resources Research - In order to study the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum rock samples in three states (natural, high-temperature dehydration and hydration time), natural...