台湾海峡海洋捕捞业管理策略和投资方向

本文收集了１９８５￣１９９４年福建省在台湾海峡生产的具有代表性的５０对拖网渔船、１２０艘单拖渔船、４８组灯光围网渔船、３８对大围缯渔船、３１艘定置网渔船的技术参数及生产资料，计算并分析了其适正捕捞力量、经济指标，得出了一些有益的结论：（１）根据台湾海峡渔业资源，把握正确的投资方向，已成为进一步发展海洋捕捞业的关键。（２）由于台湾海峡的渔业资源正遭受越来越大的压力，为了保护渔业资源，应当限制捕捞力量     

虚拟加工环境中的工件动态建模方法研究

提出并实现了基于平面纹理映射的基元立方体构造方法，以之为动态结点建立了动态八叉树结构，实现了支持变精度动态建模的自相似递归算法。该算法确保离正在加工的部位更近的区域有更高的精度，并采用C^ Builder和OpenGL构造了一个集成于虚拟加工环境的可加工工件模型。     

Investigation of the elevation of saltwater wedge due to subsurface dams

Subsurface dams are rather effective and used for the prevention of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions around the world. We carried out the laboratory experiments to investigate the elevation of saltwater wedge after the construction of subsurface dams. The elevation of saltwater wedge refers to the upward movement of the downstream saltwater wedge because the subsurface dams obstruct the regional groundwater flow and reduce the freshwater discharge. Consequently, the saltwater wedge cannot further extend in the longitudinal direction but rises in the vertical profile resulting in significant downstream aquifer salinization. In order to quantitatively address this issue, field-scale numerical simulations were conducted to explore the influence of various dam heights, distances, and hydraulic gradients on the elevation of saltwater wedge. Our investigation shows that the upward movement of the saltwater wedge and its areal extension in the vertical domain of the downstream aquifer become more severe with a higher dam and performed a great dependence on the freshwater discharge. Furthermore, the increase of the hydraulic gradient and the dam distance from the sea boundary leads to a more pronounced wedge elevation. This phenomenon comes from the variation of the freshwater discharge due to the modification of dam height, location, and hydraulic gradient. Large freshwater discharge can generate greater repulsive force to restrain the elevation of saltwater wedge. These conclusions provide theoretical references for the behaviour of the freshwater–seawater interface after the construction of subsurface dams and help optimize the design strategy to better utilize the coastal groundwater resources.     

一种电费管理系统的设计与实现

针对供电部门所辖范围内的用户,开发出一种能完成电费管理、信息管理等功能的综合管理系统.该电费管理系统采用B/S模式(浏览器/服务器模式),面向对象语言Java作为编程开发语言,动态网页采用JSP技术来制作,网络数据库则使用MySQL,同时采用JDBC接口连接MySQL数据库,Tomcat作为Web服务器,集成开发环境选择MyEclipse6.6.该系统可以较大地降低电力部门的管理成本,减轻供电系统日常管理的压力.     

A developed technique for measuring water content in oil-contaminated porous media

Water content is an important physical parameter for soil, vadose zone, and porous aquifer. Accurate measurement of water content in oil-contaminated porous media is critical for the research on oil pollution process and remediation in soil and groundwater systems. In this study, an improved water content calculation formula for oil-contaminated porous media was proposed based on the theory of oven-drying method, and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the applicability and accuracy of the formula for several types of manually prepared oil-contaminated porous media with different water contents. Furthermore, the measuring method and calculation formula, which can be used to determine the water content of porous media sampled from the oil-contaminated sites, were proposed for the first time in this study based on the improved formula. The experimental results showed that the improved formula was very accurate when used to calculate the water contents of diesel-contaminated sand, gasoline-contaminated mild clay, and engine oil-contaminated sand, indicating that it was widely applicable to oils with different volatile ability as well as porous media with different texture. This study meets the urgent need for accurate determination of water content in oil-contaminated porous media, and it solves the technical problem that the existing water content measuring methods cannot be applied directly in the field study.     

梯级水库设计洪水最可能地区组成法计算通式

利用Copula函数建立各分区洪水的联合分布,基于联合概率密度最大原则,推导得到最可能地区组成法的计算通式,并用来推求梯级水库下游断面的设计洪水。选择清江流域水布垭-隔河岩-高坝洲梯级水库为例,开展了验证和方法比较研究。结果表明:最可能地区组成法计算得到的设计洪水值位于同频率地区组成法多方案计算结果的区间之内;受清江梯级水库调洪的影响,宜都断面设计洪水的削峰率十分显著,最可能地区组成法推求100年一遇设计洪水的削峰率达到30.2%。该法具有较强的统计基础,组成方案唯一,结果合理可行,为复杂梯级水库设计洪水的计算提供了一种新途径。     

北极海冰消融情景下东北航道通航性能演变分析

全球气候增暖,导致北极海冰消融加速,冰上丝绸之路的开通逐渐提上日程。本文针对2030—2070年俄罗斯8个重要港口通过东北航道到达白令海峡的通航性能,采用6种CMIP5气候模式在2种排放情景下的海冰数据,以及PC6破冰船和普通商船2种船型,分别对最优航线、通航时长、可通航里程以及通航成本4项要素进行研究。主要结论为：① 随着时间变化,各条最优通航线路逐渐集中有序,普通商船的通航能力显著提高,到2070年拥有和PC6近似相等的通航能力;② 俄港口到白令海峡间的运输时长每过10 a下降14 h,其中圣彼得堡港运输时长下降最为显著。到2070年,俄港口与白令海峡的经度差每增加1°,该港口的运输时长下降0.4 h;③ 未来50 a,东北航道可通航里程平均每隔10 a增加166 km,其中圣彼得堡港可通航里程的变化模式和平均变化模式最为相近;④ 从北冰洋港口出发的航线通航成本每10 a下降1万美元,商船在高浓度排放情景下总通航成本的下降幅度最明显。结合海冰变化情况,俄中西部港口具有巨大的资源运输潜力。本文量化并评估了东北航道在未来海冰消融情景下的通航性能演变态势,为东北航道通航以及北极港口贸易情况提供了理论和数据支撑。     

Dynamic Prediction Model of Overburden Settlement in Deep Mining Areas based on Space–Time Relationship

Natural Resources Research - Depletion of shallow mineral resources caused by deep mining has become an inevitable trend, and deep mining can increase safety accidents and geological hazards....     

基于不同雨型的裴河小流域山洪灾害临界雨量分析

临界雨量是山洪灾害预警的重要指标,为分析小流域雨型对临界雨量的影响,首先对流域降雨过程按照雨峰出现位置的不同进行归类和划分,定性分析流域常出现的各种典型雨型;在此基础上,采用PilgrimCordery法定量确定流域各种典型雨型的时程分配,并通过试算法计算其相应的临界雨量;利用流域近期发生的成灾洪水,采用临界雨量偏离度指标进一步分析论证雨型对临界雨量的影响。以河南省新县裴河典型小流域为实例进行应用研究,结果表明:设计雨型不能完全代表该流域的降雨类型,其属于雨峰偏后式雨型,由此确定的临界雨量与该流域常出现的雨峰偏前式雨型临界雨量相差33%,与多峰雨型临界雨量差异较大,相差43%。实时预警时,根据实时雨型类型,采用相应的临界雨量,可以提高山洪灾害预警预报水平。     

Innovative Techniques for Measuring the Oil Content of Oil-Contaminated Porous Media

The oil content of oil-contaminated porous media is an important parameter for the assessment and remediation of oil pollution in soil and groundwater. However, an accurate measurement method is not available. In this study, we propose a new equation to calculate the oil content of water-bearing media based on traditional extraction–ultraviolet spectroscopy. Further, an improved experimental method was developed. The results indicate that the pure solid weight and oil content of oil-contaminated media can be accurately determined by introducing the oil drying loss coefficient (γ). The average relative errors of the improved method range from −0.14% to −0.96%. They are much smaller than errors of −4.49% to −10.97% of the original methods, indicating that the accuracy of measured oil content is enhanced. In addition, the accuracy of the new method does not depend on oil volatility and oil content.