Gold Solubility in SiO2—HCl—H2O System at 200℃：a Preliminary Assessment of the Implications of Silicification with Regard to Gold Mineralization

The complexation between gold and silica was experimentally, confirmed and calibrated at 200 °C: $$\begin{gathered} Au^ + + H_3 SiO_4^ - \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 \hfill \\ \log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 19.26 \pm 0.4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Thermodynamic calculations show that AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be far more abundant than AuCl ₂ ^? under physicochemical conditions of geological interest, suggesting that silica is much more important than chloride as ligands for gold transport. In systems containing both sulfur and silica, AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be increasingly more important than Au (HS) ₂ ^? as the proportion of SiO₂ in the system increases. The dissolution of gold in aqueous SiO₂ solutions can be described by the reaction: $$\begin{gathered} Au + 1/4O_2 + H_4 SiO_4^0 \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 + 1/2H_2 O \hfill \\ log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 6.23 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which indicates that SiO₂ precipitation is an effective mechanism governing gold deposition, and thus explains the close association of silicification and gold mineralization.     

热液中二氧化硅与成矿元素锡络合作用的实验标定

热液中二氧化硅与成矿元素锡络合作用的实验标定＊樊文苓陈紫新王声远田弋夫（中国科学院矿床地球化学开放研究实验室，贵阳５５０００２）关键词锡石溶解度二氧化硅的络合作用迁移形式前人对锡在流体中迁移形式的实验研究和热力学计算表明，锡（Ⅱ）的多种氯络合物是高温...     

断裂对地下水力扩散的影响及其与诱发地震关系的讨论

本文重点讨论了断裂规模、断裂相交网络和断裂力学的性质对地下水力扩散的影响,及其与诱发地震的关系。指出断裂密集成带的地方,水力扩散大。根据流体流动规律,水力扩散沿断裂方向流体流速大,断裂越长越深,沿断裂方向水力扩散距离就越大。而水力扩散随深度的变化,由于不同深度上岩性变化和应力状态的不同,有的深度上的岩类可能出现扩容而增大水力扩散。因此它并不是随围压的增大而单值地减少。 文章指出断裂的末端和断裂的交汇处是地下水富集的地方,在水富集地方的四周,水力扩散比其它地方要大。另外现代活动的张性和张扭性断裂比压性和压扭性断裂的水力扩散大。文章还提出水沿断裂扩散是水库诱发地震的直接原因。水力扩散大的断裂,水库诱发地震的可能性大,规模大而活的断裂诱发地震的震级可能大。     

Complexation of Si in hydrothermal systems

The Au-SiO2 and Sn-SiO2 complexes have been experimentally calibrated at varying temperature,silica comcentration and pH: Au^ H2SiO4^-=AuH3SiO4 lgK=-1.65436 9611.21/T; Sn^4 4H3SiO4^-=Sn(H3SiO4)4 lgK200℃=42.73 Compared with Au-Cl,Au-HS and Sn-OH complexes,AuH3SiO4 and Sn(H3SiO4)4complexes can be recognized as the dominant transport forms in Si-bearing solurtions under pH and Eh conditions of general interest.The decrease of SiO2 concentration and oxygen fugacity would reverse the direction of dissolution-complexing reactions,resulting in the precipitation of gold and silica,as well as cassiterite and silica.This study illustrates the significance of SiO2-complexation in hydrothermal solutions for gold,tin and other metallizations.     

Evolution and driving forces of rural functions in urban agglomeration: A case study of the Chang-Zhu-Tan region

Journal of Geographical Sciences - As the Rural Revitalization Strategy is gradually implemented, China’s rural areas are set to have more diverse function requirements. This paper selects...     

Progressive evolution and failure behavior of a Holocene river-damming landslide in the SE Tibetan Plateau,China

This paper presents a study on an ancient river-damming landslide in the SE Tibet Plateau, China, with a focus on time-dependent gravitational creep leading to slope failure associated with progressive fragmentation during motion. Field investigation shows that the landslide, with an estimated volume of 4.9?×?10⁷ m³, is a translational toe buckling slide. Outcrops of landslide deposits, buckling, toe shear, residual landslide dam, and lacustrine sediments are distributed at the slope base. The landslide deposits formed a landslide dam over 60 m high and at one time blocked the Jinsha River. Optically stimulated luminescence dating for the lacustrine sediments indicates that the landslide occurred at least 2,600 years ago. To investigate the progressive evolution and failure behavior of the landslide, numerical simulations using the distinct element method are conducted. The results show that the evolution of the landslide could be divided into three stages: a time-dependent gravitational creep process, rapid failure, and granular flow deposition. It probably began as a long-term gravitationally induced buckling of amphibolite rock slabs along a weak interlayer composed of mica schist which was followed by progressive fragmentation during flow-like motion, evolving into a flow-like movement, which deposited sediments in the river valley. According to numerical modeling results, the rapid failure stage lasted 35 s from the onset of sudden failure to final deposition, with an estimated maximum movement rate of 26.8 m/s. The simulated topography is close to the post-landslide topography. Based on field investigation and numerical simulation, it can be found that the mica schist interlayer and bedding planes are responsible for the slope instability, while strong toe erosion caused by the Jinsha River caused the layered rock mass to buckle intensively. Rainfall or an earthquake cannot be ruled out as a potential trigger of the landslide, considering the climate condition and the seismic activity on centennial to millennial timescales in the study area.

     

贵州后槽铝土矿古岩溶地貌控矿作用及找矿意义

后槽铝土矿区位于黔中遵义铝土矿带中部,受NE向岩溶盆地控制,发育众多形态各异的中、小型的溶洼、溶坑和溶沟,在这些溶蚀洼地中,沉积了下石炭统九架炉组含铝岩系.文章通过对后槽地区354个钻探工程揭露的含铝岩系厚度、矿体厚度及化学成分的系统统计分析,研究了该区岩溶古地貌特征及其控矿作用,并进行找矿靶区预测.研究结果表明,后槽...     

移动AR+VR支持下旅游GIS系统的设计与实现

随着云计算、物联网、移动通信、移动互联网等技术的发展，研发智能化、多维度、全方位的旅游管理信息系统，已成为旅游信息化的发展趋势。本文以青岛八大关为例，综合利用基于位置与多传感器的跟踪注册技术、瓦片地图技术、三维景观地图技术和移动增强现实系统虚实叠加技术，研究并实现了面向旅游业的移动化、信息化、智能化、个性化的智能旅游服务系统，为游客提供认知周围景观的全新视角，获得全新的交互体验。系统包括三维景观地图、虚拟漫游、路线导航、环境识别、历史建筑查询、热力图显示、好友足迹、个人轨迹、微信分享等功能模块，游客在享受旅途的同时可以获得更加智能便捷的服务。     

川中地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及其主控因素

提要：采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对川中地区震旦系灯影组地层研究表明,其储集岩类型主要为溶蚀（假）角砾岩、粉晶白云岩、藻白云岩和砂屑白云岩,储集空间以溶蚀孔洞为主,储集物性较差,为低孔低渗型储层,储层类型以裂缝-孔洞型为主。研究区岩溶储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用、成岩作用以及构造作用的共同控制。相对较强水动力环境形成藻白云岩、粉晶白云岩和颗粒白云岩,发育原生孔隙,为后期强烈岩溶作用提供了良好的物质基础。两幕铜湾运动使灯影组地层抬升,长时间暴露于地表,接受大气淡水、混合水改造,发生表生期岩溶作用。在近地表处形成风化壳,大气淡水、混合水通过风化壳继续溶蚀下覆地层,局部地层溶蚀强烈,垮塌形成岩溶角砾岩,同时在下覆地层中形成大量溶蚀孔洞等次生孔隙。沉积作用和成岩作用为次生孔隙的形成提供了有利条件,改善了储层的储集性能,而后期多期次构造作用产生大量裂缝,大大提高了储集岩渗透率。     

夏季太平洋低纬地区季风环流与信风环流一种可能的连接机制

北半球夏季太平洋低纬地区的平均经向环流,西部(150°E以西)为季风环流;中部和东部(170°W以东)为信风区的Hadley环流;150°E—170°W之间为季风环流与信风环流的连接区或过渡区。连接季风环流与信风环流的水平环流系统,在高层为太平洋中部热带对流层高层槽(TUTT),低层为强大的太平洋副热带高压。太平洋中部高空槽区就是季风环流与信风环流的连接区或过渡区。本文分析了高空槽的流场结构,并根据各层水平环流和各经度带的垂直环流给出了太平洋低纬地区的三维气流分布示意图。