渤、黄海生态环境模拟的参数敏感度空间差异分析

随着海洋生态系统模型的发展，生态变量增多，众多生物过程参数量值的确定成为制约生态环境模拟的瓶颈问题，生态系统结构区域性要求模型中的生态参数具有区域差异。为探究不同海区的关键参数及参数敏感度的空间差异，本研究在渤、黄海建立了ROMS-CoSiNE物理–生物耦合的高分辨率生态系统模型，并对13种生态参数的敏感度空间分布进行分析。结果表明:南黄海中部与渤海及近岸海域的敏感度差异较大。渤海敏感度最大的参数为决定光合速率的浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率，其次为浮游动物捕食半饱和常数和浮游动物最大捕食率。而南黄海中部敏感度最大的参数为浮游动物最大捕食率，其次为浮游植物死亡率和浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率。结合敏感度分布及浮游植物生物量收支得出，渤海水体透明度较南黄海偏低、浮游植物生长光限制较强，是引起浮游植物P-I曲线初始斜率敏感度在渤海高于黄海的主要原因。浮游动物最大捕食率及浮游植物死亡率的敏感度空间差异，受渤、黄海浮游植物生物量差异的影响，与生态系统中的高度非线性特征有关。     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING′S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

1INTRODUCTIONWiththerecentmodernizationandurbanizationofChi-na,urbanareashavegreatlyincreased, andgiantbuild-ings,especiallythosetallerthan100m,havebeendomi-nantincities,whichhave resultedinthegreatincreaseintheproportionofbuilding'sexternalsurfacetototalurbanarea.Thedifferencesofthermalpropertiesmain-lyinducedbysolarradiationbetweenbuilding'sexter-nalsurfacesareobviousfordifferentexposures,whichcaninevitablyinfluencethedistributionsofairtempera-turenearby,eventheverticaldistributionsofurb…     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中硼溴碘

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中B、Br、I的方法。选定φ=2%(体积分数)的稀NH3.H2O介质消除碘的记忆效应。采用干扰较少的10B和79Br同位素。B、Br、I在0~10 000 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为10B 0.176 ng/mL,79Br 0.876ng/mL,127I 0.132 ng/mL;精密度(RSD,n=12)为10B 2.86%,79Br 3.36%,127I 2.69%;10B的阶梯加标回收率为94.6%~101.5%,79Br为98.3%~104.9%,127I为96.5%~102.0%。     

冀北—辽西早白垩世沉积有机质特征与古气候环境演变

本文对冀北—辽西地区早白垩世沉积盆地富有机质沉积岩进行了初步有机地球化学分析研究。结果显示,冀北—辽西沉积盆沉积有机质特征在时间和空间上存在很大差异,代表白垩系早期沉积的滦平盆地大北沟组有机质丰度低,这不仅显示其所代表的沉积相带不利于有机质的聚集,也反映了当时生物不够繁盛;大店子组时期沉积相带发生了变化,有机质类型随着发生了变化,丰度有所增高,但总体上显示环境条件不利于生物的发育和繁盛。到了桥头组和义县组沉积岩有机质丰度大幅升高,表明生物界非常繁盛,古气候环境有利于有机质的大量生成和堆积,总体上反映了温湿的气候条件;但同时也存在较为频繁或交替性寒冷气候波动,具体的古气候环境状态尚需进一步深入研究。     

基于主成分分析的东江流域水资源承载能力评价

本文分别介绍了主成分分析法的原理和算法,并将其运用到东江流域水资源承载能力评价中,并且与模糊综合评价结果进行比较。结果表明：两评价方法的评价结果都是东江流域水资源承载能力呈现中上游高下游低的分布趋势,对此提出水资源可持续利用的对策,以促进流域水资源与社会经济的协调发展。     

转基因微藻作为新型生物反应器的研究进展

转基因微藻作为生物反应器生产生物活性物质已成为基因工程研究的热点之一。目前以转基因微藻作为生物反应器的技术并不十分成熟,然而许多科研人员及生物医药公司将微藻作为新型生物反应器生产有用的外源蛋白。本文对微藻生物反应器构建中的有效核转化方法的建立、转基因微藻中所用的启动子、筛选标记、稳定表达等问题进行了综述,同时介绍了目前转化成功的以及未来可能转化成功的有潜在应用价值的微藻。     

2001年夏季胶州湾浮游植物群落结构的特征

本文根据 2 0 0 1年 8月 2 0～ 2 2日期间对胶州湾海域进行的大面积调查资料 ,对浮游植物的群落结构进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,浮游植物群落主要由沿岸暖水性种类组成 ,以硅藻为主 ,还有少量的甲藻、金藻和绿藻。湾中央出现的种类最多 ,湾口其次 ,湾边缘最少。细胞数量的高值区出现在B断面和 A5站周围的水域 ,低值区出现 D断面和 E断面。此外 ,对群落多样性的研究表明 ,Shannon指数在湾北部的多数站位高于湾南部水域 ,在 D2和 B1站出现 2个低值区 ;Margalef指数在湾内东部和 D4站周围水域明显高于湾内西部和湾口水域 ;均匀度则在 B1和 D2站周围水域偏高。浮游植物群落同营养盐的相关分析表明 ,调查期氨盐和磷酸盐是影响浮游植物生长的主要营养盐 ,中肋骨条藻、浮动弯角藻和旋链角毛藻等几种优势种类决定了这一关系     

海底微生物在水合物识别中的应用

微生物是地球上出现最早、种类最多、分布最广的生物。它们在大部分化学元素和含有化学元素的矿物、岩石的组成和分布中曾起过重要作用。特别是石油和天然气,由于其本身就是许多微生物赖以生存的物质或某些微生物代谢的产物,在其生成、聚集和保存的漫长时期中,无不与微生物作用有着密切的关系。阐述了海底微生物在水合物生成及其识别方面的应用研究现状。     

Locomotor activity rhythm in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica elvers

Under artificial LD cycles(6,12,18 L),the elvers of Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions:the eels' activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off,followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time,and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on.Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d.Moreover,their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged:higher activity levels during shorter dark period.However,the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions.The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system.In all the LD cycles,over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase,indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be.Under 12 L conditions,the eels' activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10~15 to 20~25 ℃.The activity rhythm pattern(i.e.,two peaks occurring around light transitions) did not apparently change among temperatures.However,in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃,the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off,indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels' activity.     

A NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE WIND-DRIVEN CURRENT IN THE BOHAI SEA

On the basis of shallow water equations, a 2-dimensional model for the wind-driven current is developed in this paper to simulate the mean wind-driven circulation and sea-surface elevation fields respectively in winter and summer, and to describe the general nature of the wind-driven current in the Bohai Sea.Numerical results show that the patterns of the wind-driven circulation in Bohai are mainly the cyclonic circulation in winter and both cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations in summer. A theoretical argument based on vorticity is put up to explain the generating-mechanism of large eddies near the strait, which are considered to be the direct results of the wind stress interaction with topography gradients.