全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读

通过x2 检验等方式提出,全新世中期西辽河流域聚落对海拔400~500 m 高程区域选择倾向十分明显,在这一高程内又偏重于距河床10~40 m 的坡地,兴隆洼、赵宝沟以及红山文化期这一特征最突出,夏家店下层文化期聚落位置表现出以400~500 m 高程区为核心向高、低两个方位发展。针对上述聚落环境选择特征指出：① 根据人类生存方式可将西辽河流域划 出林地与草地两大地带,两者的交界处即400~500 m 高程区域内以坡地为主的林缘地带,兴隆洼、赵宝沟文化期人类的采集、渔猎活动主要集中在这里,随着红山、夏家店下层文化期 原始农业的发展,聚落选址从原来的林缘地带向草地甚至林地扩展,前后不同考古文化期的 聚落位置界定了自然环境的空间属性与地域差异。② 西辽河流域受地带性环境因素制约,即使在全新世大暖期林缘地带的动植物资源也并不丰富,仅能满足人口密度极低的兴隆洼、赵宝沟文化期人类获取食物的需求,红山文化以后随着人口增殖原始农业逐渐发展起来。③ 全新世中期西辽河流域聚落密度很低,人口规模在这一地区的环境容量之下,农业开发尚未对西辽河流域带来明显的环境扰动。     

全新世以来西辽河流域聚落环境选择与人地关系

通过聚落环境选择重审全新世以来西辽河流域人地关系,并提出重点环境整治地区是本文的研究重点。通过对全新世以来西辽河流域三次农业垦殖过程的研究,提出流域内聚落环境选择存在首选地与次属地的区别,从高程与地貌两项因素来看,400~600m等高区的坡地属于首选地,这里不仅是历次农业垦殖期人口主要迁入地,也是人类活动持续期较长的地带;400~600m等高区以外的区域多属次属地,二次移民是次属地农业垦殖的开端,这样的人口迁移现象在清代光绪年间后最为突出。西辽河流域的农业垦殖是以草地转为农田为主的环境变化过程,由于首选地与次属地之间的环境差异,次属地的农业开垦对环境带来的扰动更大,这里不仅成为环境问题的焦点,也是需要进行环境整治的重点地区。     

西辽河流域全新世以来的农业垦殖活动(英文)

The agricultural reclamations in the Xiliao River Valley since the Holocene have led to a huge landscape change from grassland to farmland. In this paper we reconsider the man-land relationship in the Xiliao River Valley by analyzing three major agricultural reclamations in prehistory, the Liao-Jin Dynasty and the period since the Qing Dynasty. We argue that when the demographic pressure appears in this area, especially during the last reclamation, the intraregional migration (second migration) is the major response to relieve such pressure, which also distinguishes two different settlement locations: "the initial area" and "the secondary area". Due to the environmental differences between these two areas, the cultivation on the latter one has caused more serious disturbance to the local environment. Thus the secondary area has become the key region which needs environmental management seri-ously.