中国生态地租空间分异及其影响因素分析

生态地租是衡量资源稀缺的社会经济效果的重要指标。在测算2002 年和2007 年中国各省份单位经济产出生态地租量和生态地租总量的基础上, 运用ArcGIS 和GeoDA软件分析生态地租空间分异规律;并进一步采用传统回归分析以及空间相关性分析等方法, 辨析生态地租空间分异的影响因素。结果表明:① 中国单位经济产出生态地租量具有西南、东北低, 冀豫高的稳定分布特征, 中西部地区呈增长趋势, 东部地区则呈减少趋势, 总体分布比较分散;② 生态地租总量空间分异表现为显著的空间集聚特征和东中西部分异特征, 形成了明显的高-高集聚和低-低集聚类型区, 环渤海地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区是生态地租总量高度集中区域, 西部地区则相对较低;③ 生态地租空间分异受到人口、经济和产业结构等因素的显著影响, 人口密度、城镇化水平、经济密度、人均消费水平及人均GDP与生态地租总量在空间关联性上显著正相关, 表现出明显的空间集聚特征;农业比重与生态地租总量之间显著负相关, 存在空间上的分散性。     

中国省域间生态地租分异特征及其影响因素(英文)

Ecological land rent is the excess profit produced by resource scarcity, and is also an important indicator for measuring the social and economic effects of resource scarcity. This paper, by calculating the respective ecological land rents of all the provinces in China for the years 2002 and 2007, and with the assistance of the software programs ArcGIS and GeoDA, analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological land rent; then, the influencing factors of ecological land rent differentiation among the provinces are examined using the methods of traditional regression and spatial correlation analysis. The following results were obtained: First, ecological land rent per unit of output in China shows stable distribution characteristics of being low in the southwestern and northeastern provinces, and high in Hebei and Henan provinces. There is also an increasing tendency in the central and western provinces, and a decreasing one in the eastern provinces. In general, the spatial distribution of ecological land rent per unit of output in China is quite scattered. Second, the total ecological land rent shows significant spatial aggregation characteristics, in particular the provinces in China possessing high total amounts of ecological land rent tend to be adjacent to one another, as do those with low total amounts, and the spatial difference characteristics of the eastern, central and western provinces are distinguished. The Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are shown to be highly clustering regions of total ecological land rent, while the western provinces have very low ecological land rent in terms of total amount. Third, population distribution, economic level and industrial structure were all important influencing factors influencing ecological land rent differentiation among provinces in China. Furthermore, population density, urbanization level, economic density, per capita consumption level and GDP per capita were all shown to be positively related to total ecological land rent, which indicates that spatial clustering exists between ecological land rent and these factors. However, there was also a negative correlation between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage, indicating that spatial scattering exists between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage.