1978-2018年中国旅游业发展的地理格局

Since the reform and opening-up policy launched in 1978,the number of inbound tourists increased from 1.8 million in 1978 to 139.5 million in 2017,and that of domestic tourists increased from 344 million in 1991 to 5 billion in 2017.This article conducts research on how the geographical pattern of China’s tourism has evolved in the last four decades on the national-scale and regional-scale,for rare studies before could focus on such an extended date and utilize inbound and domestic tourism data simultaneously.Grounded on viable datasets and multiple vibrant data analysis approaches(including the Gini coefficient,primacy index analysis,hot spot analysis and Pearson correlation analysis),this article unpacks triple vital realities.(1)The overall geographical pattern of China’s tourism development can arguably summarize as“high in the eastern and low in the western part,high in the southern and low in the northern part.”Meanwhile,China’s inbound tourism has long shown a pattern of polarized distribution;While,domestic tourism has experienced a shift from the polarized distribution to the equilibrium distribution.(2)According to the features and characteristics,China's tourism development can be divided into four stages.They are precisely the initial modern tourism stage(1978–1988),the domestic tourism cultivating stage(1989–1996),the rapid development stage(1997–2007)and the new normal stage(2008–present).(3)This article also identified multiple factors underlying the inbound and domestic tourism development in China,including policies,management systems,tourism demand,tourist attractions,economic level,consumption level,industrial development,investment status,traffic conditions,accommodation services,intermediary services and degree of openness.     

1978年改革开放以来中国旅游业发展的地理格局

运用基尼系数、首位度分析、热点分析和Pearson相关分析,从全国和地区两种尺度对1978年改革开放40年来中国旅游业发展格局进行了研究。分析发现：① 旅游业发展格局的整体特征是东高西低,南高北低;入境旅游长期呈现极化分布的特征,广东是入境旅游的“极核”,京—沪处于第二梯队,甘—新—青—藏—宁发展滞后;国内旅游经历了极化分布到均衡分布的过程。② 旅游业发展格局阶段性特征：现代旅游起始阶段——入境旅游极化严重,广东地位举足轻重;国内旅游培育阶段——入境旅游空间结构未变（广东第一,北京第二,上海第三）,国内旅游总体极化分布;旅游大发展阶段——北京入境旅游地位逐渐被上海取代,国内旅游总体均衡分布;旅游新常态阶段——入境旅游空间结构改善,国内旅游第一层级省份明显增加,出境旅游稳步快速增长,北京、上海引领出境旅游人均消费。③ 影响中国旅游业发展的因素比较多元：政策、管理制度、旅游需求、旅游吸引物、经济水平、消费水平、产业发展、投资状况、交通条件、食宿服务、中介服务和对外开放程度等因素对中国国内旅游和入境旅游均有不同程度的影响。