北方某经济开发区地下水污染调查评价

本文应用污染指数法,对北方某经济开发区及周边地下水水质进行了污染评价,结果表明研究区地下水水质以轻污染和中污染为主,局部地区出现较重污染,主要指标为硝酸盐氮、三氯甲烷和三氯乙烯。通过对工业废水、再生水、河水水质的检测,发现研究区地表水水质与污水处理厂再生水排放密切相关,地下水污染很可能与开发区企业排污有关。由于开发区所处位置的环境敏感性和脆弱性,建议今后在开发区及附近继续开展相关研究,进一步查明地下水的硝酸盐氮及有机污染物来源、污染途径,建立完善的监测体系,以便及时切断污染源,保障城市及当地供水安全。     

开敞式潮滩-潮沟系统发育演变动力机制——Ⅲ.海平面上升影响

为研究海平面上升对潮滩-潮沟系统的影响,以江苏中部粉砂淤泥质海岸为原型,建立变态物理模型,模拟研究在不同海平面潮汐过程作用下的潮沟发育和演变过程,分析了潮滩淹没历时、排水密度、潮沟断面形态等特征参数变化规律。研究表明:潮沟在发育初期伸长速率高于拓宽速率,最终趋于动态平衡;海平面上升后,潮滩淹没历时增加,露滩时间缩短,归槽水对潮沟底床的塑造作用减弱;平均归槽水流长度和Horton排水长度均随海平面上升呈现出减小趋势,潮沟的排水能力增强;潮沟断面宽深比服从对数正态分布,随着海平面上升,潮沟断面面积和宽深比均呈现出增大趋势,宽深比分布范围变广。     

Structural,Kinematic and Geochronological Study of the Main Tianshan Shear Zone in the Borohoro Ranges,NW China

The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone (MTSZ) branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges, northwestern China. Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliations, subhorizontal lineations, and dextral kinematics. The microstructures and CPO patterns of calcite and quartz in the tectonites suggest shearing at temperatures of 200°C to 500°C or above. The amount of dextral displacement along the zones is less than 100 km. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from some pre-kinematic granites gave ages of 364–325 Ma and 316 Ma, and zircons from a syn-kinematic leucogranite gave an age of 291 Ma. We propose that dextral shearing along the MTSZ started in the earliest Permian. Our data indicate that collision between the Yili and Junggar plates might have finished before 325 Ma or 316 Ma, with a tectonic transformation from 325 Ma to 300 Ma, resulting in intracontinental transpression from 300 Ma or 291 Ma. We suggest that the formation of the Kazakhstan orocline (KO) took place in two stages, with the early stage of bending driven by convergence related to oblique subduction, and the late stage possibly associated with lateral disarticulation as a result of the dextral strike-slip shear zones.     

中国地壳与上地幔结构的地球物理研究

地壳与上地幔是人类居住与获取各种资源、能源,改造和利用自然的重要场所,是地球科学的基础与生长点,六十年代以来发展迅猛。中国大陆、海域和过渡带地区的地壳和上地幔物理探索,在全球板块构造和驱动机制的研究具有特殊地位,文中分别就1)青藏高原地区的地壳结构,2)青海、甘肃地区地壳结构和地壳中的高速块层,3)中原地区的地壳与上地幔结构,4)京津及外围地区的地壳结构,5)隋县—南京—启东和隋县—安阳人工地震探测面的观测,6)利用面波和远震P波确定中国地壳和上地幔结构,7)中国地壳结构的基本轮廓等方面进行了讨论。     

柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化程度快速动态监测

针对柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化的时空变化问题,该文采用了反演土壤盐度指数的方法快速评估了该地区的盐渍化程度变化及其空间分布,并且选择2015年利用土壤采样方法获取标本验证SI在研究区的适用性,集成RS技术和GIS空间分析的优势,综合利用空间分析和时序分析技术对柴达木盆地2000-2015年的盐渍化程度和分布面积进行了时空变化分析.研究结果表明了 SI值在研究区的适用性,同时发现2000-2015年,柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化的面积和程度整体上均有明显降低趋势,尤其在重度盐渍化区域更为明显,但中、低度积盐面积,程度均有所增加.研究可以为柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化程度的快速评估提供参考.     

浙江八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究

八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体可分为三大类型:Ⅰ气液包裹体,Ⅱ气体包裹体,Ⅲ含子矿物的多相包裹体;矿床成矿温度变化不大,主要集中在120～240°C之间。细粒条带状萤石矿石包裹体温度变化在115～250℃之间;巨晶块状萤石矿石和石英脉型萤石矿石包裹体温度集中在135～170℃之间。萤石矿床流体包裹体以低盐度成矿流体为主。成矿过程中起作用的成矿流体为KCl-H2O体系和CO2-CaF2-H2O体系,成矿溶液的离子类型属K+-Ca2+-HCO--F-型,KCl-H2O体系反映岩浆期后热液作用的结果,而CO2-CaF2-H2O体系可能反映了寒武纪矿源层成矿体系。通过包裹体研究,认为八面山萤石矿床是受地层-岩体-层间断裂共同控制"三位一体"的热液成因矿床。     

Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents: A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical.     

天然气水合物和地热资源组合评价方法

近年来的研究表明,海洋中天然气水合物的成藏和分布受温度的影响较大,一些海域中的天然气水合物资源与地热资源同时存在且有一定的分布规律。在利用地热开采天然气水合物基础上把2种资源结合起来利用,将会对海洋天然气水合物的开发有重要意义。参考组合评价相关经验公式,基于该开采方法对天然气水合物和地热资源组合评价提出了相关的方法研究,并通过实例应用,丰富了该开采方法的可行性的论证,并对于2种资源的综合利用的靶区优选有一定的指导作用。     

地层中的硅岩: 研究进展及展望*

硅岩是由自生石英形成的化学沉积岩,通常以层状或非层状(结核状、条带状)独自出现、与其他岩性互层出现及赋存于其他岩性地层中。硅岩不仅记录了大量盆地古地理、古海洋、古气候的地质信息,而且对于岩石大地构造学研究具有重要意义。前人对硅岩的研究取得了丰富的成果,近年来关于硅岩的新观点为硅岩的研究提供了新的思考途径和研究线索。通过调研近年来关于硅岩的岩石学特征、地球化学特征及沉积环境的研究,分析总结了不同地质历史时期、不同沉积环境、不同产状硅岩的形成模式、成因类型以及判别方式,认为硅岩的沉积不是单一因素控制的结果,而是地质构造活动强度、生物类型及活动性、沉积古环境的综合结果。常规地球化学元素结合岩石组构与微区分析、包裹体分析、新同位素(Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd)分析,以及新的地球化学判定标准(Ge/Si)是硅岩研究的必备手段和方法。