Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei using microsatellite markers

Seven microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei, which were introduced from Central and South America to China. All seven microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranging from 0.593 to 0.952. Totally 92 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles(Na) and effective alleles(Ne) varied between 4 and 21 and 2.7 and 14.6, respectively. Observed heterozygosity(Ho) values were lower than the expected heterozygosity(He) values(0.526–0.754), which indicated that the seven stocks possessed a rich genetic diversity. Thirty-seven tests were detected for reasonable significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at five loci, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding within stocks. Pairwise Fst values ranged from 0.0225 to 0.151, and most of the stock pairs were moderately differentiated. Genetic distance and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed a close genetic relationship of L. vannamei between Pop2 and Pop3. AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation among stocks(11.3%) was much lower than that within stocks(88.7%). Although the seven stocks had a certain degree of genetic differentiation and a rich genetic diversity, there is an increasing risk of decreased performance due to inbreeding in subsequent generations.     

基于星座图改进的QAM盲均衡算法

针对多模辅助算法均方误差高的缺点,提出了两种基于星座图改进的盲均衡算法.首先利用16QAM星座图信息,增加多模辅助算法代价函数中信号点的均衡数目,得到改进的多模辅助算法,与多模辅助算法相比,改进后的算法稳态均方误差更低,而且收敛速度略有提高;其次将改进的多模辅助算法和判决引导算法相结合,根据均方误差调整两种算法的比例,得到的混合算法进一步降低了稳态均方误差.水声信道仿真结果表明:提出的两种算法都可以有效地降低均方误差,适用于对精度要求较高的场合.     

Failure characteristics of brittle rock containing two rectangular holes under uniaxial compression and coupled static-dynamic loads

Acta Geotechnica - To deeply understand the failure characteristics of defective rock under actual stress condition, impact tests were conducted on prismatic granite containing two rectangular...     

CO2地质封存盖层密闭性研究现状与进展

CO₂地质封存是应对全球性气候变化、减排温室气体的关键技术之一。大规模CO₂注入地层容易出现泄漏问题,尤其是通过盖层的泄漏,包括毛细管泄漏、盖层水力破裂和沿盖层既有断层的泄漏等。因此,盖层密闭性评价对CO₂地质封存长期安全稳定性的预测至关重要的。通过对密闭机理、影响因素、破坏模式等影响CO₂地质封存盖层密闭性的研究现状进行总结,发现盖层密闭机理包括毛细管封闭、水力封闭和超压封闭,影响盖层密闭性的主要因素有盖层岩性、盖地比特征、盖层厚度、盖层岩石力学性质和封存压力,进而对CO₂注入过程中盖层密闭性的破坏模式进行评价,并对盖层密闭性研究的不足提出了一些见解。     

miR-430对斑马鱼原始生殖细胞迁移和性腺发育影响的初步研究

为了探究microRNAs(miRNAs)在斑马鱼生殖细胞发育过程中所起的作用,本研究在斑马鱼胚胎期过表达miR-430,结果发现原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cells,PGCs)迁移出现紊乱,并且通过qRT-PCR发现nanos3、piwil2及tdrd7等生殖质基因的表达水平显著下调.此外,在斑马...     

Cloning and stage-specific expression of CK-M1 gene during metamorphosis of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

The symmetrical body of flatfish larvae changes dramatically into an asymmetrical form after metamorphosis. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this change are poorly understood. As an initial step to clarify these mechanisms, we used representational difference analysis of cDNA for the identification of genes active during metamorphosis in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olicaceus. One of the up-regulated genes was identified as creatine kinase muscle type 1 (CK-M1). Sequence analysis of CK-M1 revealed that it spanned 1 708 bp and encoded a protein of 382 amino acids. The overall amino acid sequence of the CK-M1 was highly conserved with those of other organisms. CK-M1 was expressed in adult fish tissues, including skeletal muscle, intestine and gill. Whole mount in-situ hybridization showed that the enhanced expression of CK-M1 expanded from the head to the whole body of larvae as metamorphosis progressed. Quantitative analysis revealed stage-specific high expression of CK-M1 during metamorphosis. The expression level of CK-M1 increased initially and peaked at metamorphosis, decreased afterward, and finally returned to the pre-metamorphosis level. This stage-specific expression pattern suggested strongly that CK-M1 was related to metamorphosis in the Japanese flounder. Its specific role in metamorphosis requires further study.     

Assessing genetic diversity of wild populations of Japanese flounderusing AFLP markers

1IntroductionThe Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,is one of the most important commercial marine flat-fish that inhabits the coastal waters of China,Japanand Korea.(Tanaka et al.,1989;Masuda andTsukamoto,1998).However,because of overfis-hing durin…     

Preferential bivalent formation in tetraploid male of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg

Artificially induced tetraploid Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, produces more aneuploid gametes than normal diploid one, although they showed a comparable fecundity to diploidy. The meiotic chromosome configuration of 3 tetraploid and 1 tetraploid/triploid mosaic males were analyzed through direct chromosome observation. A majority of metaphase I spermatocytes contained both bivalents and quadrivalents. The chromosome configuration of these males was characterized by preferential formation of bivalents to quadrivalents. Bivalents appeared in all spermatocytes and consisted of 86% of all chromosome aggregates. In comparison, quadrivalents occurred in 91% spermatocytes and consisted of only 12.6% of all chromosome aggregates. The mean bivalent frequency per spermatocyte varied between 14.4 and 17.2; while that of quadrivalents varied between 2.2 and 2.7. Most quadrivalents were tandemly chained(58%) or circled(39%). The total number of chromosome aggregates per spermatocyte ranged from 13 to 20 with an average of 17.6; while 18(16 bivalents and 2 quadrivalents) was the most frequent. Univalents and trivalents appeared in very low frequency. Aneuploid(hypotetraploid) spermatocytes were observed in a low frequency. The chromosome configuration of in the mosaic individual was similar to that of tetraploid individuals. The percentage of triploid spermatocytes(2%) of the mosaic individual was significantly lower(χ2 =30, P 0.01) than that of triploid cells(46%) in its somatic tissue.     

A microsatellite genetic linkage map of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 cM and average inter-marker space of 13.3 cM. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 cM and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 cM. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.