Isolation and pharmacological activities of bromophenols from Rhodomela confervoides

Four bromophenols were isolated from the extract of marine red alga,Rhodomela confervoides by column chromatography and HPLC methods. By means of spectroscopic methods inclding IR, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR techniques, their structures were elucidated as (1) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester; (2) bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether; (3) 3,4-dibromo-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol and (4) 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde. Compound 1 was first isolated from the algae in nature, and 1, 4 were found to have selective cytotoxic activities against KB, Bel 7402 and A549 cells, 2 showed powerful antibacterial activities againstStaphylococcus aurens andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Supported by National “863” Program (No. 2004AA625030, 2001AA620503), Quingdao marine sciences project (No. 04-2-NN-26) and Key Knowledge Innovative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-215).     

Species Composition and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Intertidal Zone of Xiangshan Bay,China

Xiangshan bay is a narrow semi-closed bay and situated on the northwestern coast of the East China Sea. Over past decades, it has become to a major bay with intensive human activities, dense urbanized area, and poor water quality. The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological status through the elucidation of the species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos in this bay. Six intertidal sections were surveyed from January 2007 to November 2008 quarterly. Sections TG, HD and XH are located in the three inner bays, sections QJ and WS are located near the thermal power plants, and section XX is located at the outer part of Xiangshan Bay. Great variations in macrobenthos community were indentified, and the species composition of the community in the present study showed the dominance in the order of molluscs(bivalves and gastropods), crustaceans and others, and only few Polychaeta were recorded. Only three dominant species, Littorina brevicula, Ilyplax tansuiensis, and Cerithidea cingulata were collected in all the sections, and a total of 19 dominant species were recorded only in one section. Two-way ANOVA analyses of abundance indicated that there were significant differences among sections or seasons. Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’) had its maximum(2.45) in section QJ, and minimum(1.76) in section TG. Multiple irregular k-dominance plots clearly showed that the study area was polluted and the macrobenthos community was under stress. We conclude that the macrobenthos of Xiangshan Bay have been disturbed by human activities, especially at the interior bay.     

2003年10月风暴潮的形成及数值模拟分析

2003年10月11日发生在河北省中南部地区的特大暴雨是京津冀近50年来同期所罕见的,同时渤海湾还出现了风暴潮过程.对该过程应用非静力MM5的二重网格双向嵌套进行了全物理过程的数值模拟,并应用天津市多普勒雷达资料和常规气象资料进行了分析研究.结果表明：（1）MM5模式能够较好地模拟出风场、气压场、降水量场,在预报业务实践中有很好地参考价值;（2）海面偏东风的长时间维持,使海水堆积、海平面抬高,加上天文大潮的叠加而引发风暴潮;（3）风暴潮期间速度方位风廓线近地面的E-NE风随时间有增厚现象,在增厚的同时使降水减小,风暴潮发生.     

细胞生长时期对两种海洋微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

报道海洋微藻后棘藻 (Ellipsoidion sp.7- 14)和眼点拟微球藻 (N annochloropsis oculata)细胞生长时期对细胞内总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明 ,两种微藻的总脂均在稳定期含量最高 ,分别占干重的 54.5%和 4 3.3% ,而 EPA、ω- 3多不饱和脂肪酸和总 PUFA的最高比例均出现在对数早期 ,EPA占总脂肪酸的比例可分别高达 2 7.3%和 2 7.7% ,同时总脂的含量却最低 ,分别占干重的 2 2 .9%和 2 2 .0 %。在生长对数期中 EPA是脂肪酸的主要成分 ,而在稳定期中16∶ 0、16∶ 1ω9和 18∶ 1ω9是脂肪酸的主要成分。     

江蓠属藻胆体的研究 Ⅱ.藻胆体的荧光光谱特性

报道以青岛野生型龙须菜（ｗｔ）、黄色突变体（ｙｅ１００）、４株绿色突变体（ｇｒ１８０、ｇｒ１８４、ｇｒ１８６、ｇｒ１８８）、委内瑞拉野生型龙须菜（ｌｖ）、南非野生型龙须菜（ｓａ）及真江蓠（ｇａ）为材料,用蔗糖密度梯度离心法得到完整的藻胆体。用５４０ｎｍ激发,野生型的荧光发射峰位于５７８ｎｍ和６７０ｎｍ,相对荧光强度ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ的比值为１．５０。几种材料的ＰＥ和ＡＰＢ荧光发射峰没有明显区别（不超过２ｎｍ）,但两峰荧光强度比值显著差异。结果显示ｌｖ的ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ比值最低,只有１．２０,ｇｒ１８６的比值最高,为５．６７,野生型中ｓａ也比较高,为４．７９。用６７０ｎｍ激发,野生型龙须菜的荧光社发光谱有５个峰,分别为４９９ｎｍ、５４０ｎｍ、５６８ｎｍ、６１４ｎｍ、６５０ｎｍ,与其吸收光谱一一对应。野生型和突变体、不同产地龙须菜及真江蓠的荧光发射峰的波长都与其吸收光谱相对应。     

24-表油菜素内酯对龙须菜抗高温胁迫的研究

本研究采用不同浓度24-表油菜素内酯处理海洋红藻龙须菜,研究热激胁迫后龙须菜的生长速率、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性、甘露醇、丙二醛、藻胆蛋白含量,以及HSP70、PE、GR基因的相对表达水平变化规律。结果显示,0.1mg/L 24-表油菜素内酯的处理组生长速率最大,显著高于其他处理组及对照组;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、qP和ΦPSⅡ均随高温逆境时间延长呈现下降趋势,荧光参数NPQ随着高温逆境时间延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且处理组各项荧光参数值均高于对照组;处理组的抗氧化酶(SOD和POD)的酶活显著高于对照组;甘露醇及藻胆蛋白含量均在0.1mg/L处理组最高,在第三天达到最大值,而丙二醛含量则在0.1mg/L处理组最低,在第三天达到最小值;处理组HSP70、PE、GR基因的相对表达量均高于对照组,且0.1mg/L处理组各基因表达量最高。以上结果表明24-表油菜素内酯能提高龙须菜的抗高温能力,且0.1mg/L处理组效果最好。     

一次强暴雨过程的水汽图像分析

用GMS－5水汽图像、红外云图、流场和云顶亮温TBB场，分析了1999年8月9日石家庄市区的强对流大暴雨。结果表明：（1）水汽图像中的较亮区域在对流层上部相对潮湿，水汽含量大，是强对流暴雨落区预报的参考依据；（2）水汽图像中较亮的湿区与θse高值区的重合，是强对流暴雨产生的重要物理因子。     

干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨

本文研究了春小麦耗水量与产量的关系及其耗水规律，分析了土壤湿度、耗水量对春小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明：拔节至抽穗是春小麦的水分临界期，抽穗至成熟期耗水量最多，耗水模系数最大；产量与耗水量呈二次曲线关系，适宜土壤水分下限为：出苗至拔节期为田间持水量的70％-75％，拔节至抽穗期为60％-65％、抽穗至灌浆初期为55％-60％．灌浆初期至成熟期为50％-55％，本文还对春小麦覆盖地膜的节水增产原因及效果进行了探讨，提出了黑河流域春小麦节水增产的技术措施及进一步研究的意见。     

光强和二氧化碳浓度变化对浒苔幼苗生长及生理的影响

大气CO2浓度升高引起的海洋酸化如何在光变环境下影响大型海藻固碳量的问题,关系到未来海洋初级生产力的变化趋势。为研究大型海藻对CO2浓度升高和光强变化的响应,本文选取浒苔(Ulva prolifera)幼苗为实验材料,探讨其在不同光强下[80、260μmol/(m2·s)]和两种CO2浓度(正常CO2浓度:400μL/L和高CO2浓度:1 000μL/L)下的生理变化。研究发现,在正常CO2浓度、高光条件下,浒苔幼苗的生长最快,超氧化物特化酶(SOD)活性最高,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低光、高CO2处理下有最大值。光合色素含量和光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率在不同处理间没有显著性差异,但叶绿素a与类胡萝卜素的比值在低光正常CO2处理下有最大值。同时,高光高CO2处理下,浒苔幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量最低。