顺义地裂缝成因与顺义-良乡断裂北段第四纪活动性讨论

本文通过钻孔地层对比方法研究了顺义一良乡断裂北段的第四纪活动性，资料显示该断裂在第四纪期间呈现强弱交替的分期活动特征，距今315万年以来有3个较强活动期和3个较弱活动期，前三者分别距今266～315、171～228、73～147万年，后三者距今分别为228．266、147～171、0～73万年。中更新世晚期以来断裂活动不明显。超量开采地下水导致地面不均匀沉降是造成顺义地裂缝现今活动的主要原因。     

A modeling study on the controlling factors of seismic source distribution and their strength index——Practical analyses of the seismic environmental factors of the Honghe fault

IntroductionThe tectono-physical background and dynamic environmental features of strong earthquakes have long been studied from different viewpoints by seismologists both in domestic and abroad. Many controlling factors include the crust structure, lithological environment, tectonic conditions, the stress state, heat flow distribution and hydrodynamic effects at depth, etc. Some of the studies have established a foundation for researching and recognizing the spatial distribution of potential …     

Seismo-tectonic divisions of strong earthquakes with M_s≥7.0 and their tectonic geomorphology along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone

IntroductionXianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone is an important active fault zone and a strong earthquake belt in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Figure 1). Since 814 AD a total of 14 earthquakes with M ( 7, including one of magnitude 8.0, took place there. This large-scale fault zone runs from north to south, includes the northwesterly Xianshuihe fault, the near-NS An(ninghe fault, NNW Zemuhe fault, and near-NS Xiaojiang fault. It forms the east boundary of Sichuan-Yunn…     

Seismo-tectonic divisions of strong earth-quakes with MS37.0 and their tectonic geomorphology along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone

Seismo-tectonic areas of historical strong earthquakes with MS37 along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone are di-vided, and their individual fault-pattern and tectonic geomorphology are analyzed. Those strong-earthquake areas are located in some special parts of the fault zone, where the major branch-faults of the fault zone form left step-ping, parallel, and fork-like patterns. In the strong-earthquake areas structurally complicated basins are developed, such as pull-apart basins in fork-like area, in double stepping area, and in stepping and fork-like areas.     

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福建沿海年平均海平面年际、年代际变化特征及预测

利用福建沿海4个验潮站实测潮位资料,在分析实测资料变化趋势的基础上,采用谱分析的方法分析年平均海平面的变化趋势,得到了4个站年平均海平面变化模型,并对未来50年福建沿海的海平面上升趋势进行预测。     

考虑渗流的饱和粉土地层盾构开挖面稳定分析

土压平衡盾构在穿越高水位钱塘江粉土地层时,地下水与密封舱之间的高水压差会产生过大的指向开挖面的渗透力。钱塘江粉土黏聚力低,开挖面自立性差,且土体模量小,过大的渗透力会使土体产生更大的变形,导致开挖面失稳。数值模拟中合理选取土的本构关系与模型参数,对计算结果的可靠性十分重要。为了研究渗流条件下开挖面稳定性问题,基于室内试验,对钱塘江粉土的摩尔-库仑本构模型和摩尔-库仑应变软化本构模型参数进行研究。研究发现,钱塘江粉土的剪应变是轴向应变的1.5倍;根据三轴卸荷试验得到应变软化内摩擦角和剪应变的关系,当剪应变为4.7%时内摩擦角达到峰值为25°,剪应变为7.4%时内摩擦角达到残余值为21°,剪应变在4.7%～7.4%之间时,内摩擦角线性减小。采用有限差分软件建立39组三维分析模型,通过与离心机试验的极限支护压力和地表沉降对比发现,相同水位情况下,摩尔-库仑应变软化本构模型计算的极限支护压力与离心机试验的最小误差为3.1%,最大地表沉降的误差为5.67%。证明了在钱塘江粉土地层中使用摩尔-库仑应变软化本构模型的可行性及模型参数的可靠性。     

平潭竹屿湾水交换能力和溢油风险数值模拟

应用非结构网格有限体积海洋模型对平潭竹屿湾水交换能力和溢油扩散开展了数值模拟。水交换能力计算表明,竹屿湾大部分水域水体半交换时间小于1.0 d,平均滞留时间约3.0 d左右,水体冲洗时间为15.0 d,水交换能力较强。48 h溢油扩散计算结果表明,油粒子扫海范围及运动路径与油粒子的释放时刻及风的作用紧密相关。静风条件下,溢油运动主要受当地潮流影响,呈南-北往复运动。不利风作用下,竹屿水道的溢油可以扩散至平潭坛南湾、平潭草屿岛、塘屿岛及高山湾等海域,最远可到南日岛西北海域。     

东昆仑断裂带东端的构造转换与2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震孕震机制

2017年四川九寨沟M_S7.0地震是继2008年汶川M_S8.0地震和2013年芦山M_S7.0地震之后,青藏高原东缘在不到十年的时间内发生的第三个震级M_S7.0以上的强震.这次地震发生在东昆仑断裂带东端,作为青藏高原东北缘的一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,东昆仑断裂带与东端其它构造之间的转换关系仍不清楚,因区内地质构造和地形复杂,东昆仑断裂带东端的主要构造仍缺少深入的研究.本文在总结区域地震构造活动特征、历史地震和现代地震基础上,通过东昆仑断裂带东端已有的和最近开展的活动构造定量研究结果,并结合现今GPS变形场资料和2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震灾害特征分析,发现东昆仑断裂带最东段塔藏断裂上的左旋走滑除了一小部分继续向东传播转移到文县断裂带上外,大部分转化为其南侧的龙日坝断裂带北段、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂上的近东西向地壳缩短,这可能是岷山隆起的构造机制,而2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震正是左旋走滑的东昆仑断裂带在东端继续向东扩展的结果.