Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level

We evaluated the effect of ration level(RL) on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok(initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g) were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels: starvation,2%,3%,4% bwd(body weight per day,based on initial mean values),and apparent satiation. Feed consumption,apparent digestibility,and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight,dry weight,protein,and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight(SGRw,%/d) and RL(%) was characterized by a decelerating curve: SGRw=-1.417+3.166ln(RL+1). The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level,and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy(FERe) and RL was: FERe=-14.167+23.793RL–3.367(RL)2,and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 k J BW(kg)-0.80/d,the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was: 100IE=29.03FE+5.78(ZE+UE)+39.56 HE+25.63 RE,where IE is feed energy,FE is fecal energy,ZE+UE is excretory energy,HE is heat production,and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd,whereas for energy growth,the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.     

Hydroacoustic estimates of fish biomass and spatial distributions in shallow lakes

We conducted acoustical surveys with a horizontal beam transducer to detect fish and with a vertical beam transducer to detect depth and macrophytes in two typical shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in November 2013. Both lakes are subject to active fish management with annual stocking and removal of large fish. The purpose of the study was to compare hydroacoustic horizontal beam estimates with fish landings. The preliminary results show that the fish distribution patterns dif fered in the two lakes and were af fected by water depth and macrophyte coverage. The hydroacoustically estimated fish biomass matched the commercial catch very well in Niushan Lake, but it was two times higher in Kuilei Lake. However, acoustic estimates included all fish, whereas the catch included only fish 45 cm(smaller ones were released). We were unable to determine the proper regression between acoustic target strength and fish length for the dominant fish species in the two lakes.     

三峡水库香溪河鱼类群落结构特征及历史变化

由于自然和人为因素的影响,三峡水库鱼类资源一直在发生变化,为掌握三峡水库蓄水后典型支流香溪河鱼类群落的现状及历史变化,于2020年7月—2021年4月使用多网目复合刺网和地笼对香溪河鱼类群落进行实地采样,并结合历史数据进行比较分析。研究期间共采集到鱼类55种,隶属于7目14科,鲤科鱼类种类数最多,以杂食性鱼类和湖泊定居性鱼类为主,优势种为贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)、短颌鲚(Coilia bratchygnahus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)和翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus),其相对重要性指数(IRI)分别为5502、3828、2567和1109。鱼类物种多样性指数在春季最高,夏季最低。刺网单位捕捞努力量渔获个体数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量在夏季最高,冬季最低。与三峡水库蓄水前相比,香溪河鱼类中长江上游特有鱼类减少4种,外来鱼类增加3种。湖泊定居性种类持续增加,喜流水性种类减少,鱼类优势种发生较大变动。2020—2021年香溪河鱼类组成与1987年的相似性指数为0.29,与2012—2013年的相似性指数为0.53,反映三峡水库蓄水前后香溪河...     

湖北浮桥河水库底栖动物的群落结构及生物多样性

1997年 4月至 1998年 1月 ,在浮桥河水库 14个采样点调查底栖动物 ,共获 4 7种 .其优势种类为霍甫水丝蚓 (Limnodrilushoffmeisteri)、中国长足摇蚊 (Tanypuschinensis)、前突摇蚊属 (Procladiussp .)和摇蚊属 (Chironomussp .) .水库底栖动物的Shannon指数和Margalef指数偏低 ,上游的指数值最高 .从种类相似性来看 ,底栖动物的季节变化不明显 ;在水平分布上 ,上游与库汊的种类相似性最低 ,库汊与下游的种类相似性最高 .浮桥河水库底栖动物的平均密度为5 2 9.1ind/m2 ,平均生物量为 35 34.1mg/m2 ,均以水生昆虫占优 ,其时空变化主要受水生昆虫控制 .能量估算法估算出浮桥河水库底栖动物的渔产潜力为 1.5× 10 4 kg/a .     

Status of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coreius</Emphasis> species in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Dam construction alters natural flow regimes which, in turn, cause significant changes in fish communities during and after impoundment. The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir, from impoundment of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China, may have affected native fish species. Thus, the status of two lotic freshwater fish species, Coreius heterodon and C. guichenoti, were monitored in the Three Gorges Reservoir, including fish abundance, individual composition, growth, condition, and mortality. Data on both species were gathered from upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the reservoir and, where available, from studies published before and after dam construction. Lower abundance, slower growth, a less diversified age structure, poorer fish condition (indicated by hepatosomatic index) and higher mortalities were recorded in sites nearest the dam compared with upstream areas. Furthermore, after final impoundment, individual Coreius species inhabiting the area changed, with young individuals becoming more abundant, while upstream of the reservoir the two Coreius species became smaller at a given age. The results show that the status of the two Coreius species was subject to dramatic changes after impoundment.     

我国银鱼研究概况及其移植的生态管理准则

本文论述了我国银鱼的种类,分布,幼态持续现象,生态特性与移植增殖现状,并重点介绍了银鱼移植的生态管理准则－经济学准则,地理学准则,生物学准则和生态学准则。     

湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物的季节变化

1998-1999年按季度对湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物进行采样和分析.浮桥河水库悬浮物现存量干重平均为9.991mg/L,有机碎屑是水库悬浮物的主要组成部分,占93.22%,浮游生物仅占6.78%.悬浮物的无灰重为3.45mg/L,其中有机碎屑无灰重的比例占85.54%,浮游生物无灰重占14.46%.悬浮物碳为1.539mg/L,其中有机碎屑碳占81.46%,浮游生物碳占18.54%.浮桥河水库悬浮物氮、磷含量分别为0.257mg/L和0.0143mg/L,其中有机碎屑氮、磷分别为0.200mg/L和0.0072mg/L;浮游生物氮、磷分别为0.057mg/L和0.0071mg/L.悬浮物可作为判断水库营养类型的指标,同时也可用来估算水库滤食性鱼类的鱼产潜力.     

云南高原渔洞水库鱼类空间分布格局及主要影响因子

鱼类控藻是常用的生物控藻技术之一,其前提需明确水体中鱼类群落结构及分布特征.为科学调整渔洞水库鱼类群落结构,制定合理的生物操纵策略,2013年7月运用Simrad EY60型分裂波束回声探测仪对该水库进行了水声学探测,在结合多网目复合刺网（网目=8.5、4.0、12.5、2.0、11.0、1.6、2.5、4.8、3.1、1.0、7.5和6.0 cm）取样的基础上,研究了水库鱼类群落结构及其空间分布特征,并初步探讨了影响渔洞水库鱼类空间分布的关键因素.调查中在渔洞水库共采集到鱼类5科12种,其平均密度为638.4±310.2 ind./1000 m³.鱼类在水库中呈不均匀分布,库首、库中、库湾及库尾鱼类密度分别为521.5±371.3、561.9±189.2、653.7±323.7和1137.1±90.4 ind./1000 m³,呈逐渐增大趋势,且库尾鱼类的平均个体要大于库首、库中和库湾;在垂直方向上,97.6%的鱼类都分布在水面以下0~10 m的水层,深度超过10 m的水层,鱼类所占比例只有2.4%;0~20 m水层鱼类的平均目标强度最大（-58.6 dB）,20~40 m水层鱼类平均目标强度最小（-63.9 dB）.MRT预测模型表明影响鱼类空间分布的关键环境因子为水温和水深.基于渔洞水库的鱼类组成和空间分布特征,建议一方面加大鲢、鳙放养量,另一方面从所属水系引进中上层土著肉食性鱼类来调整鱼类群落结构,控制藻类生物量.     

Status and historical changes in the fish community in Erhai Lake

Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952–2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.     

洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2010年5月至2011年2月对洪泽湖轮虫进行季度采样,分析了洪泽湖轮虫的种类组成、时空分布及其群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明,洪泽湖共观察到轮虫17属34种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga).轮虫种类的空间分布格局呈现较大差异,种类数在北部成子湖最高(27种),西南部湖区次之(26种),东部沿岸带最低(19种);而密度则表现为西南部湖区略高于成子湖,东部沿岸带最低.轮虫的群落结构季节差异明显,密度和生物量在春季最高,秋季次之,而夏季最低.典范对应分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a等因子对轮虫种类的季节变化及密度生物量的影响最大;总磷、总氮及可溶性无机氮等水体中的营养盐也是影响轮虫群落结构的重要因素.