基于DEM与GACOS的InSAR同震形变场大气误差校正北大核心CSCD

从全球地震频发地区选取多次地震事件,以精河地震为例研究基于DEM进行大气误差校正时拟合区选取方法;然后分别基于DEM和GACOS数据对同震形变场进行大气相位延迟改正以分析其校正精度及适用性。结果表明,扣除主要同震形变区域后的相位-高程相关系数大于0.4时,必须对获取的形变场进行大气误差校正,校正后噪声可下降约1~4 cm;相关系数为0.4~0.8时,可通过两种方法相互验证以校正精度;相关系数大于0.8时,可以只使用DEM拟合大气误差分布函数进行校正。基于GACOS进行大气误差校正具有普适性,用于大气噪声较为严重且与地形不相关的平原地区可取得较好效果。     

长江中游四湖流域湖泊变迁与湖区土壤空间格局的关联分析

分析了20世纪20年代以来长江中游四湖流域湖泊阶段性变化特征,并结合湖区土壤空间分布数据,重点探讨现代土壤空间格局与湖泊的阶段性变化是否存在关联。研究结果表明,从20世纪20年代至今,江汉平原四湖流域湖泊经历了由扩大到缩小至稳定的阶段性变化过程;通过湖泊变迁序列与湖区土壤格局的综合分析,发现四湖流域湖泊变化范围内的土壤空间分异与20世纪20年代以来湖泊变化历程具有密切关系。20世纪20年代以来,四湖流域湖泊变化范围集中分布了全流域67%以上的潜育型水稻土和沼泽型水稻土;在四湖流域自20世纪40年代起的湖泊萎缩阶段,湖泊变化时间距今愈近,相应湖泊变化范围中沼泽型水稻土和潜育型水稻土面积比例愈大,淹育型水稻土和潴育型水稻土面积比例则愈小。在湖泊变化不同时间组合所对应的空间范围中,各类型水稻土所占面积比例随时间变化而表现的规律性,在一定程度表现出人为耕作及土壤性质改良对土壤性质转变的影响作用;而根据沼泽型水稻土转变速率的空间差异性,可推测湖区脱沼泽过程与地形地貌分异相关。     

Construction of lake bathymetry from MODIS satellite data and GIS from 2003 to 2011

In recent years, sedimentation conditions in Dongting Lake have varied greatly because of significant changes in runoff and sediment load in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River following the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The topography of the lake bottom has changed rapidly because of the intense exchange of water and sediment between the lake and the Changjiang River. However, time series information on lake-bottom topographic change is lacking. In this study, we introduced a method that combines remote sensing data and in situ water level data to extract a record of Dongting Lake bottom topography from 2003 to 2011. Multi-temporal lake land/water boundaries were extracted from MODIS images using the linear spectral mixture model method. The elevation of water/land boundary points were calculated using water level data and spatial interpolation techniques. Digital elevation models of Dongting Lake bottom topography in different periods were then constructed with the multiple heighted waterlines. The mean root-mean-square error of the linear spectral mixture model was 0.036, and the mean predicted error for elevation interpolation was -0.19 m. Compared with field measurement data and sediment load data, the method has proven to be most applicable. The results show that the topography of the bottom of Dongting Lake has exhibited uneven erosion and deposition in terms of time and space over the last nine years. Moreover, lake-bottom topography has undergone a slight erosion trend within this period, with 58.2% and 41.8% of the lake-bottom area being eroded and deposited, respectively.     

基于DEM的平原区人工微地貌数字提取方法探讨

针对江汉平原区堤垸人工微地貌,综合局部地形分析、水流模拟分析以及GIS空间分析和地统计分析方法,利用SRTM DEM数据进行微地貌自动提取研究。根据人工微地貌特点,构建一种局部地形形态分析方法来对结构线位置进行标示,并提出一种流域合并的方法来进行微地貌结构线提取;进而综合上述两种方法的计算结果,提出平原区人工微地貌的组合提取方法。研究结果表明该方法可较好实现平原区垸堤人工微地貌结构线提取。