排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
1
1.
Relative abundances of energetic nuclei in the 4 July 1974 solar event are presented. The results show a marked enhancement of abundances that systematically increase with nuclear charge numbers in the range of the observation, 6 Z 26 for energies above 15 MeV nucl.–1 While such enhancements are commonly seen below 10 MeV nucl–1, most observations at higher energies are found to be consistent with solar system abundances. The energy spectrum of oxygen is observed to be significantly steeper than most other solar events studied in this energy region. It is proposed that these observations are characteristic of particle populations at energies 1 MeV nucl–1, and that the anomalous features observed here may be the result of the high energy extension of such a population that is commonly masked by other processes or populations that might occur in larger solar events. 相似文献
2.
3.
Observations of the proton, helium, (C, N, O) and Fe-group nuclei fluxes made during the large 4 August 1972 solar particle event are presented. The results show a small, but significant variation of the composition of multiply-charged nuclei as a function of energy in the energy region above 10 MeV nucleon–1. In particular, the He/(C, N, O) abundance ratio varies by a factor 2 between 10 and 50 MeV nucleon–1 and the Fe-group/(C, N, O) ratio suggests a similar variation. Abundance ratios from the 4 August 1972 event are compared as a function of energy with ratios measured in other solar events to show that several of the earlier results are consistent with an energy variation like that observed in August 1972, while certain other events must have had a substantially different dependence of composition on energy. At energies 50 MeV nucleon–1, the He/(C, N, O) abundance ratio for August 1972 is consistent with all earlier measurements made above that energy which suggests that variations may vanish at high energies.NASA/NAS Senior Resident Research Associate, on leave from TATA Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay. 相似文献
4.
5.
Dunphy Philip P. Chupp Edward L. Bertsch David L. Schneid Edward J. Gottesman Stephen R. Kanbach Gottfried 《Solar physics》1999,187(1):45-57
The large flare of 11 June 1991 (GOES class X12) was detected by the Total Absorption Shower Counter (TASC) segment of the EGRET gamma-ray telescope on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Significant gamma-ray emission was observed over the entire energy range to which the TASC was sensitive –1 to 140 MeV. Several phases were identified which showed major changes in the intensity and spectral shape of the flare gamma-rays. Furthermore, a 'delayed' phase during which a response consistent with the detection of energetic neutrons and pion-decay gamma-rays was seen, implying a qualitative change in the spectral shape of the accelerated ion spectrum. The similarity of the characteristics of this delayed phase (pion and energetic neutron production) to those in other large flares hint at a common particle acceleration mechanism. 相似文献
6.
C. J. Booth E. D. Spande C. T. Pattee J. D. Miller L. P. Bertsch 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):223-233
Subsidence due to longwall underground coal mining changes the hydraulic properties, heads, yields, and in some cases the
groundwater chemistry of overlying bedrock aquifers. A 7-year study of a sandstone aquifer overlying an active longwall mine
in Illinois has supported a comprehensive model of these impacts. Subsidence caused increases in permeability and storativity
over the longwall panel. These changes initially caused a major decline in water levels in the sandstone, but the aquifer
recovered slightly within a few months and fully within several years after mining. The enhanced hydraulic properties combined
with potentiometric recovery resulted in a zone of greater well yield. However, at sites with very poor transmissivity and
inadequate recharge pathways, recovery may not occur. Also, at the study site, the physical enhancement was accompanied by
a deterioration in groundwater quality from slightly brackish, sodium bicarbonate water to more brackish water with increased
sulfate levels.
Received: 17 March 1997 · Accepted: 9 September 1997 相似文献
7.
Crystalline rocks from breccias of the Ries basin, Germany, contain highly deformed quartz. Various planar deformation structures could be observed and classified into five different types: (1) Decorated planar elements, (2) Non-decorated planar elements, (3) Homogeneous lamellae, (4) Filled lamellae, (5) Planar fractures. All these structures are parallel to crystallographic planes: {10¯13}, {10¯12}, {10¯11}, {0001},{11¯21}, {11¯22}, {21¯31}, {51¯61}, {10¯10}. The most typical and most abundant planar structures are decorated and nondecorated planar elements parallel to {10¯13} and {10¯12}. Planar fractures are parallel to {0001} and {10¯11} and form at lower stress levels, probably earlier than the planar elements.Quartz containing planar elements, especially of the non-decorated type, has lower density, index of refraction and birefringence than normal quartz. This quartz is apparently a mixture of an amorphous phase and crystalline quartz, the amount of which can be calculated using average density or refractive index.Comparison of planar quartz structures found in tectonites and those produced artificially under static or dynamic high pressure conditions demonstrates that Ries quartz closely resembles deformed quartz recovered from shock wave experiments. The planar structures found in Ries quartz have been formed by shock wave actions with peak pressures in the 100–400 kbar range.Planar elements are explained to be traces of gliding processes during shock loading visible due to the fact that a high pressure phase (stishovite and/or a stishovite-like glass phase) has been produced along the glide planes. Upon pressure release most of the high pressure phase was transformed into an SiO2-glass (diaplectic glass).In comparison with experimental data the amount of residual crystalline quartz as well as type and orientation of planar structures in the quartz grains are clues to estimate the peak pressures responsible for these deformations. Shock waves with peak pressures exceeding about 400 kbar completely transform quartz into diaplectic SiO2-glass. 相似文献
8.
9.
Aquifers above high-extraction underground coal mines are not affected by mine drainage, but they may still exhibit changes
in groundwater chemistry due to alterations in groundwater flow induced by mine subsidence. At two active longwall mine sites
in Illinois, USA, glacial-drift aquifers were largely unaffected by mining, but the geochemistry of the bedrock aquifers changed
during the post-mining water-level recovery. At the Jefferson site, brackish, high-sulfate water present in the upper bedrock
shale briefly had lower values of total dissolved solids (TDS) after mining due to increased recharge from the overlying drift,
whereas TDS and sulfate increased in the sodium-bicarbonate water present in the underlying sandstone due to downward leakage
from the shale and lateral inflow of water through the sandstone. At the Saline site, sandstones contained water ranging from
brackish sodium-chloride to fresh sodium-bicarbonate type. Post-mining recovery of the potentiometric levels was minimal,
and the water had minor quality changes. Longwall mining affects geochemistry due to subsidence-related fracturing, which
increases downward leakage from overlying units, and due to the temporary potentiometric depression and subsequent recovery,
whereby water from surrounding areas of the aquifer recharges the affected zone above and adjacent to the mine.
Received, December 1998 / Revised, August 1999 / Accepted, August 1999 相似文献
10.
Measurements of the flux of helium nuclei in the 24 January, 1971, event and of helium and (C, N, O) nuclei in the 1 September, 1971, event are combined with previous measurements to obtain the relative abundances of helium, (C, N, O), and Fe-group nuclei in these events. These data are then summarized together with previously reported results to show that, even when the same detector system using a dE/dx plus range technique is used, differences in the He/(C, N, O) value in the same energy/nucleon interval are observed in solar cosmic ray events. Further, when the He/(C, N, O) value is lower the He/(Fe-group nuclei) value is also systematically lower in these large events. When solar particle acceleration theory is analyzed, it is seen that the results suggest that, for large events, Coulomb energy loss probably does not play a major role in determining solar particle composition at higher energies (> 10 MeV). The variations in multicharged nuclei composition are more likely due to partial ionization during the acceleration phase.NASA/NAS Senior Resident Research Associate, on leave from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay. 相似文献
1