Hazardous hydrological processes in the dutch delta and measures for mitigation of their adverse effect on the population,economy, and ecosystems: 2. Experience in the mitigation of the adverse effect of hazardous hydrological processes on the population,economy, and ecosystems

Experience in mitigating the hazard of hydrological processes in the joint mouth area of the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt rivers is discussed. This experience is of use for the creation and implementation of regional programs for reducing the social, economic, and environmental losses under other natural conditions.     

Modeling Ice-Jam Floods in the Frameworks of an Intelligent System for River Monitoring

Water Resources - The article presents the results of adaptation and application of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model STREAM_2D to reproduce the characteristics of ice-jam-induced floods in the...     

Investigations of Winter Regime of the White Sea Estuaries in 2017–2020

Oceanology - Winter field campaigns conducted by the Department of Hydrology of the Moscow State University Geographical Faculty undertaken during winter periods of 2017–2020 are introduced....     

World Experience in Numerical Simulation of Flow Dynamics at River Mouths

Water Resources - The article presents the history, mathematical background, and a review of the current state of numerical simulation of the interaction dynamics between river water and seawater...     

Specific Features of Sedimentation of the Mudyug Towers Channel in Arkhangelsk Seaport in the Mouth of the Northern Dvina River

Oceanology - The shipping channels of the seaport of Arkhangelsk, located in the mouth area of the Northern Dvina River, have a significant impact on natural processes occurring in its water area....     

Quarry Reclamation in Submountain Rivers: Case Study of the Terek River

The peculiarities of reclamation of quarries in the Terek River channel near the town of Beslan are considered. Field data analysis allowed the selection of approaches to assessing the regeneration time, which is controlled by the spatial position of the quarry within the alluvial field of a submountain river and the rate of bifurcation processes.     

Retrospective Simulation of an Extreme Flood on the Oka River at the City of Ryazan and Impact Assessment of Urban and Transport Infrastructure

Numerical modeling of flow dynamics of rivers with comprehensive channel patterns and wide floodplains during high water stage is considered to be one of the most effective methods for implementing both research and civil-engineering projects. However, realistic results of simulations can be obtained only if the model has been calibrated and validated against field observations and remote sensing data. This approach is realized for a 2D hydrodynamic model of the Oka River at the city of Ryazan (central European Russia). The Oka has a meandering channel and a wide floodplain with a complicated distributary network. The feasibility of allocating new residential quarters and infrastructure facilities on artificial “islands” on the floodplain was studied using STREAM_2D software package. Because of a significant decrease in the maximum runoff of the Oka in the recent decades, the simulations were made for the extreme spring snowmelt flood of 1970 for various scenarios of floodplain development in the past, present, and future.

     

Hazardous hydrological processes in the Dutch Delta and measures aimed to reduce their adverse effect on the population, economy and ecosystems: 1. Geographic-hydrological conditions

Nature Management in the Dutch Delta, comprising the delta-channel systems of the Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt rivers, under the manifestation of various hazardous hydrological processes is discussed. The main types of such processes and the specific features of their adverse effect on the population, economy, and ecosystems are identified.     

Types of river channel patterns and their natural controls

River channel patterns are thought to form a morphological continuum. This continuum is two-dimensional, defined by plan features of which there are three (straight, meandering, branching), and structural levels of fluvial relief of which there are also three (floodplain, flood channel, low-water channel). Combinations of these three categories define the diversity of patterns. One of the most important factors in channel development is stream power, defined by water discharge and river slope. The greater the stream power, the stronger the branching tendency, but threshold values of stream power are different for the three different hierarchical levels of channel relief. The critical stream power values and hydrological regime together define the channel pattern, and analysis of the pattern type can be undertaken using effective discharge curves. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.