渤海海域油气勘探进展与前景展望

通过回顾我国渤海海域近50年的勘探历程,分析了油气发现的特点,指出从下第三系到上第三系勘探思路的转变是导致发现系列亿吨级大油气田的关键。迄今为止的重大发现主要分布于环渤中凹陷油气富集圈和沿岸两大地区。认为在有据可查的历史上,渤海海域发生过7级以上大地震的周围地区均发现有大油气田,因此将是发现油气田的有利地区。根据全国3轮油气资源评价数据,我国在渤海海域的油气勘探尚大有可为,重要的是要求较高的科技研究水平和更大的投入力度,渤海深浅层次资源潜力将获得更进一步的发掘。认为在50余年的勘探历程中,我3大国有石油公司及全国相关科技工作者均做出过重大贡献。     

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.     

非线性载荷对船中弯矩响应影响

给出舰船结构水弹性分析的通用公式,分析典型高速船的水弹性响应,将总响应分为线性和非线性,前者用线性势流理论计算,后者用船体—流体系统脉冲响应函数的卷积积分和水动力非线性修正得到。计算表明线性解答过高地估计了共振点刚体运动,从而导致弯矩预报不准确,而非线性模拟的中拱/垂弯矩均与实验吻合较好。     

利用弹性波模拟获得的甲烷水合物BSR

近几年 ,甲烷水合物研究不仅因其作为下一世纪资源 ,而且因其与全球构造和动力学有着密切的联系而受到关注。另外在甲烷水合物层之下也有望存在游离气。甲烷水合物层的底界可以由反射声波法探查记录的ＢＳＲ(似海底反射层 )来识别。根据地质模型的弹性波模拟法可以阐明甲烷水合物ＢＳＲ的声波特性。根据其结果的反转效应可弄清ＢＳＲ外观相位和振幅的变化 ,这对记录的解释提供了重要信息。１引言在声波探查记录上表现出来的特殊反射面之一的ＢＳＲ中因甲烷水合物稳定带底界的声阻抗骤变而产生的ＢＳＲ是提示甲烷水合物层的物性和ＢＳＲ之下…     

西沙中新世化石仙掌藻礁矿物岩石孔渗层特征及成因模式

Halimeda is one of the major reef-building algas in the middle Miocene of Xisha, and one of the significant reefbuilding algas in the algal reef oil and gas field of the South China Sea. However, there have been few reports regarding the characteristics of mineral rocks, reservoir porosity and permeability layers, and sedimentationdiagenetic-evolution of fossil Halimeda systems. The present paper briefly introduces the relevant studies on chlorophyta Halimeda and the research status of oil and gas exploration. Through the 1 043 m core of the Xichen-1 well, we studied the characteristics of the mineral rocks and porosity and permeability of the middle Miocene Halimeda of the Yongle Atoll, identified and described the segments of fossil Halimeda, and pointed out that most of the segment slides are vertical sections in ovular, irregular or long strips. The overwhelming majority of these fossil Halimeda found and studied are vertical sections instead of cross sections. In this paper, knowledge regarding the cross sections of fossil Halimeda is reported and proven to be similar with the microscopic characteristics of modern living Halimeda; fossil Halimeda are buried in superposition; it is shown that there are different structures present, including typical bio-segment structure, and due to its feature of coexisting with red alga, tying structure, twining structure and encrusting structure are all present; and finally, it is suggested to classify the fossil Halimeda into segment algal reef dolomites. In addition, all of the studied intervals are moderately dolomitized. Secondary microcrystalline-dolosparite dominates the original aragonite raphide zones,and aphanitic-micrite dolomite plays the leading role in the cortexes and medullas; in the aragonite raphide zones between medulla and cysts, secondary dissolved pores and intercrystalline pores are formed inside the segments, and algal frame holes are formed between segments; therefore, a pore space network system(dissolved pores + intragranular dissolved pores—intercrystalline pores + algal frame holes) is established. Segment Halimeda dolomite has a porosity of 16.2%–46.1%, a permeability of 0.203×10–3–2 641×10–3 μm2, and a throatradius of 23.42–90.43 μm, therefore it is shown to be a good oil and gas reservoir. For the reasons mentioned above, we suggest building the neogene organic reef-modern reef sedimentation-diagenetic-evolution models for the Xisha Islands.     

生成甲烷的细菌的同位素与有机地球化学坂田将著

甲烷细菌的生成途径与稳定碳、氢同位素比值的关系是广泛应用于评价甲烷起源的方法,但对其有效性有必要进一步研讨.乙醚类脂化合物和五甲基二十碳烷有可能成为甲烷细菌的生物标志,但也要考虑其它生物来源的可能性.     

生成甲烷的细菌的同位素与有机地球化学

甲烷细菌的生成途径与稳定碳、氢同位素比值的关系是广泛应用于评价甲烷起源的方法 ,但对其有效性有必要进一步研讨。乙醚类脂化合物和五甲基二十碳烷有可能成为甲烷细菌的生物标志 ,但也要考虑其它生物来源的可能性。１甲烷细菌地球化学的重要性大气中的甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的使地球变暖的气体 ,有人指出近年来甚至超过二氧化碳的增加量（ＢｌａｋｅａｎｄＲｏｕｌａｎｄ，１９８８）。大气中甲烷的主要来源是湿地、湖沼、水田、填埋废碴、家畜、白蚁、森林火灾、油田、煤田、甲烷水合物等 ,这些甲烷的８０ %系细菌成因。甲烷细菌广泛分布…     

南沙群岛海域北康盆地生物礁高精度层序地层学及其新近纪生物礁层序演化模式

新近系生物礁油气储层是南海含油气盆地油气勘探两大主力目的层系之一,过去有关其高精度层序地层学和层序演化模式的研究不多.为此,通过对北康盆地2万余公里地震资料的精细解释和钻井资料的综合研究,获得了以下重要成果:1)识别划分出该盆地新近纪11条主要等时界面、7个三级层序和基本层序组.2)描述了生物礁低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域地震反射结构特征.3)提出南海首个中中新世生物礁高精度层序演化模式,代表中中新世(16.3-10.4Ma BP)海宁期(T13-T2)生物礁的剖面形态,含由1个低位体系域层序单元+5个高位体系域层序单元构成的一个典型海进体系域和由1个早期高位体系域层序单元+1个晚期高位体系域层序单元构成的1个典型高位体系域;可见中中新世完整海进-海退旋回生物礁发生、发展和消亡的过程.通过与曾母盆地中新世生物礁解释剖面对比,指出该模式具有区域性古海洋学代表意义.4)通过对L礁、西琛一井和南海-地中海中新世古海洋演化研究,确定研究区中中新世分别发育5-8个海平面升降旋回,形成晚中新世"南中国海事件",具有冰川型海退性质,可与全球和南海北部特别是与"Missinian"事件对比;确定北康盆地乃至南海新近系生物礁形成至逐渐消亡,也是新构造运动与新近纪古海洋事件共同作用的结果.5)指出L礁气田发现有9.8Ma BP、13.8Ma BP、14.5Ma BP和15.5Ma BP等多个层序界面,分别系高孔渗层段;同期南海礁型油气圈闭层序界面当为优良储层;若其为油气充满,则油气"高产"或构成"高压气包".以上成果,将有助于对全球变化及南海古海洋区域响应过程与结果的理解,并对南海的油气勘探有启示作用.     

不均匀卵石持力层桩端后注浆效果试验研究

我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,简称SEM）试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明：浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3～4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。