模拟36.5米氮氧饱和潜水26昼夜和60、70及75米空气巡潜对人体脑电图的影响

饱和潜水技术能提高水下作业效率,还可藉巡回潜水来增加水下作业深度,因此从六十年代以来在世界潜水技术先进国家中得到迅速发展,目前已成为进行潜水作业的一种重要手段.在空气潜水中,脑功能的变化早就引起人们的注意,高压氮会引起人体象酒精中毒样的麻醉症状,因此,一些水下生理和医学家们不但把脑电图作为潜水员选拔的体检指标,而且还用作潜水时健康检查和监护的重要手段.关于长期暴露于高气压环境下人体脑电图变化的研究尚属少见.本工作系统地记录了模拟36.5米氮氧饱和和潜水26昼夜各时期及进行不同深度空气巡潜时的脑电图,以探索长期暴露于高压氮氧环境对人体脑电图的影响以及适应过程中的变化规律.     

CHANGES ON EEG DURING SIMULATED SATURATION DIVING

During N2-O2 simulated saturation at a depth of 36.5 m the frequency, amplitude and index of a waves decreased and the activities of β and θ wave increased on the EEGs at rest. After the pressure was decompressed to normal, they could recover to the predive level. During the air excursion diving at depths of 60 and 70 m, the paramenters of EEG approximated to those of N2-O2 exposure. But at that time of the air excursion diving at a depth of 75 m they appeared the maximum. This showed that the changes related to the nitrogen partial pressure. There was an increase in slow waves during the simulated N2-O2 saturation. The activities of slow wave decreased on the EEGs in case of hyperventilation. The photic stimulation to the eyes caused the slow wave to disappear, and a rhythm could recover temporarily. When the photic stimulation was over the flow rhythm reappeared on the EEG. All the changes in EEG indicated that the encephalon function of the human body showed a gradual adaptation process during the     

302米模拟氦氧饱和潜水时对人体脑电图及震颤图的观察

当人体运用氦氧混合气作为呼吸气体进行大深度饱和潜水及水下作业达到一定深度时(例如水下200米左右),就能产生一系列与神经功能相关的症状,诸如眩晕、恶心、手指及手臂甚至颜面肌肉的震颤等[1-3]。在脑电图上出现节律的慢化,或在以α波为主的脑电图上出现大量的θ波,有时出现与人体睡眠第一期相似的脑电图[1,4]。     

OBSERVATION OF HUMAN EEG AND TREMOR DURING SIMULATED He-O2 SATURATION DIVING AT A DEPTH OF 302 METRES

EEG and tremor of three divers are recorded during simulated He-O2 saturation diving at a depth of 302 m. The results ate as follows:1.During the exposure to He-O2, a decrease in a rhythm and increase in activity of 8 and wave appear in subjects' EEGs and sometimees characteristics with sleep stage I are shown in individual EEG,2.During the exposure to He-O2. the increase in the amplitude of postural tremor in 4-8 Hz and 8-13 Hz is recorded and the increase of the amplitude of 8-13 Hz is more noticeable.3. During the exposure to He-O2, all the divers suffered from fatigue, poor sleep and memory failure. These symptoms accorded with the records of the subjects' EEG and tremor.     

中美联合潜水科学实验

中美科学家运用海洋水下工程科学研究院的模拟海底实验室进行了一次联合潜水科学实验。４名身体健康、技术熟练的职业潜水员参加了此次实验。他们在２５ｍ的氮氧环境下饱和暴露了８昼夜，在此期间每天进行６０ｍ或８０ｍ的水舱巡潜作业，运用氦氮氧三元混合气，并从事中等强度的体力劳动。共完成了３２人次的巡潜作业，每次平均２．２ｈ。然后经过５３ｈ２１ｍｉｎ预减压和主减压，安全返回“海面”。在实验过程中，中美科学家对潜水     

CHANGES ON EEG DURING SIMULATED N2-O2 SATURATION DIVING

During N2-O2 simulated saturation at a depih of 36.5 m the frequency, amplitude and index of a waves decreased and the activities of β and θ wave increased on the EEGs at rest. After the pressure was decompressed to normal, they could recover to the predive level. During the air excursion diving at depths of 60 and 70 m , the paramenters of EEG approximated to those of N2-O2 exposure. But at that time of the air excursion diving at a depth of 75 m they appeared the maximum. This showed that the changes related to the nitrogen partial pressure. There was an increase in slow waves during the simulated N2-O2 saturation. The activities of slow wave decreased on the EEGs in case of hyperventilation. The photic scimulation to the eyes caused the slow wave to disappear, and a rhythm could recover temporarily. When the photic stimulation was over the slow rhythm reappeared on the EEG. All the changes in EEG indicated that the encephalon function of the human body showed a gradual adaptation process during the     

302米氦氧饱和潜水模拟实验中人体某些生理功能的观察

在模拟302米氦氧饱和潜水时,我们观察了潜水员的某些生理功能,其结果如下:1.到达最大深度时,脑电图有二种类型的变化:在脑的各叶,θ活动甚至δ活动增加;α节律减少,其振幅下降。在302米时可见θ波指数的增加和α指数的减少。2.从海平加压到150 m 时,受测者 A 没有出现明显的震颤,而受测者 B 和 C 即有明显的震颤振幅的增加。受测者 B 和 C 就是在这种条件下出现最大的震颤振幅的变化。3.从加压开始到饱和深度时观察到潜水员心率下降,未见有明显的 ST 段和 T 波的改变,三名潜水员心电图都没有出现明显的 ST 段下降。在以 R 波为主的标准导联和胸导联的心电图上,既没有 T 波的倒置和双相,也没有 T 波的平坦,甚至在302米体力负荷时,也没有 ST 段和 T 波的不正常表现。4.肺通气量各参数的测量结果如下:当受测者从海平加压到302米后,肺容量几乎没有变化,但时间肺活量、最大肺通气量和最大呼吸流量随气道阻力的增加而明显减少。     

300m氦氮氧饱和潜水科学实验研究

本实验是海洋水下工程领域内一次多学科的综合性科学研究。实验检验了300m海底模拟加压舱群设备,使用氦氮氧三元混合气饱和潜水技术进行潜水生理学和医学研究,并进行了潜水呼吸器、潜水加热服及热水系统、水下液压工具、舱压和氧分压自动控制设备、潜水用氦气回收及净化装置、氦氧通讯机等多种项目的300m试验,填补国内多项空白。这对于我国海洋资源的勘探开发、深海打捞、港口建设、海洋科学考察和国防建设都有重大意义。