长江下游鳊鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术对长江下游鳊鱼群体的遗传多样性进行分析,从40个随机引物中筛选出28个引物对鳊鱼24个个体的基因组DNA进行扩增,共检测到178个位点,分子片段在0.2～2.0kb之间,其中多态位点83个,占46.63%;个体间最大的遗传距离为0.1326,最小的遗传距离为0.0476,平均遗传距离为0.0885;群体的Nei基因多样性指数为0.2593,Shannon多样性指值为0.0986。与其他鱼类的遗传多样性研究结果相比,长江下游鳊鱼群体的遗传多样性处于中等水平。     

Genetic mapping and QTL analysis for body weight in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) compared with mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

We report the genetic linkage map of Jian carp(C yprinus carpio var. Jian). An F1 population comprising 94 Jian carp individuals was mapped using 254 microsatellite markers. The genetic map spanned 1 381.592 c M and comprised 44 linkage groups,with an average marker distance of 6.58 c M. We identified eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for body weight(BW) in seven linkage groups,explaining 12.6% to 17.3% of the phenotypic variance. Comparative mapping was performed between Jian carp and mirror carp( Cyprinus carpio L.),which both have 50 chromosomes. One hundred and ninety-eight Jian carp marker loci were found in common with the mirror carp map,with 186(93.94%) showing synteny. All 44 Jian carp linkage groups could be one-to-one aligned to the 44 mirror carp linkage groups,mostly sharing two or more common loci. Three QTLs for BW in Jian carp were conserved in mirror carp. QTL comparison suggested that the QTL confidence interval in mirror carp was more precise than the homologous interval in Jian carp,which was contained within the QTL interval in Jian carp. The syntenic relationship and consensus QTLs between the two varieties provide a foundation for genomic research and genetic breeding in common carp.     

基于图像识别的5个不同产地克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)形态差异分析

为了解江苏、江西、湖北、上海、河南5个地区克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）的形态差异和获取快速、有效的形态鉴别方法，本研究采用传统形态测量法和地标点法来分析各产地形态差异。结果显示：（1）克氏原螯虾雌雄群体相对扭曲主成分分析，前三个主成分累计贡献率分别为79.96%、67.21%，传统形态测量法前三个主成分累计贡献率分别为76.77%、82.70%，两种方法均表明其形态差异主要体现在头胸甲及腹部部位；（2）聚类分析将克氏原螯虾5群体聚为两支，上海、河南、江西、湖北群体聚为一支，江苏群体单独聚为一支。（3）地标点法雌雄群体综合判别准确率分别为100%、94%，传统形态测量法综合判别准确率均为56%。以上研究结果表明不同产地间克氏原螯虾具有一定的形态差异，且地标点法区分不同产地克氏原螯虾群体差异性效果显著，这将有利于克氏原螯虾生产和选育过程中群体的鉴别及外形特征的快速获取。