抽油机悬点投影测量仪

油田抽油机的抽油杆幌动幅度过大，是引起抽油杆断裂的一个重要因素，检测这种幌动幅度是防止抽油杆断裂的一种有效手段。设计了一种基于面阵CCD和普通半导体激光器（LD）测量这种幌动的悬点投影测量方法，通过数字卷积滤波，达到了范围为0－40mm，误差＜0.2mm的技术检测指标。     

POS系统辅助无人机正射影像快速制作

基于INPHO软件对无人机航摄数据进行正射影像快速制作,阐述了数字正射影像图的制作流程,并对影响最终成果质量的关键环节进行了方法改进,从而总结出了快速制作无人机高质量数字正射影像图的方法和技巧。     

Late Pleistocene baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) forest deposit on the continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico

Approximately 13 km south of Gulf Shores, Alabama (United States), divers found in situ baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) stumps 18 m below the ocean surface. These trees could have only lived when sea level fell during the Pleistocene subaerially exposing the tectonically stable continental shelf. Here we investigate the geophysical properties along with microfossil and stratigraphical analyses of sediment cores to understand the factors that lead to this wood’s preservation. The stumps are exposed in an elongated depression (~100 m long, ~1 m deep) nested in a trough of the northwest–southeast trending Holocene sand ridges and troughs with 2–5 m vertical relief and ~0.5 km wavelength. Radiocarbon ages of the wood were infinite thus optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used to constrain the site’s age. Below the Holocene sands (~0.1–4 m thick), separated by a regional erosional unconformity, are Late Pleistocene mud-peat (72±8 ka OSL), mud-sand (63±5, 73±6 ka OSL), and palaeosol (56±5 ka OSL) facies that grade laterally from west to east, respectively. Foraminiferal analysis reveals the location of the terrestrial-marine transitional layer above the Pleistocene facies in an interbedded sand and mud facies (3940±30 (1σ) ¹⁴C a BP), which is part of a lower shoreface or marine-dominated estuarine environment. The occurrence of palaeosol and swamp facies of broadly similar ages and elevation suggests the glacial landscape possessed topographic relief that allowed wood, mud and peats to be preserved for ~50 ka of subaerial exposure before transitioning to the modern marine environment. We hypothesize that rapid sea-level rise occurring ~60 or ~40 ka ago provided opportunities for local flood-plain aggradation to bury the swamp thus preserving the stumps and that other sites may exist in the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf.     

Analysis of boundary friction effect on the homogenization process of compacted bentonite/claystone mixture with technological voids upon hydration

Pre-compacted MX80 bentonite/Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone mixture has been proposed to backfill and seal the underground galleries for radioactive waste disposal in France. While emplacing these pre-compacted blocks, technological voids are created between the blocks and the host rock and among the blocks themselves. It is expected that homogenization process will take place over time for the structure constructed with pre-compacted blocks upon hydration. This study investigated the boundary friction effect on such a process. Results showed that after the filling of technological voids, the soil far from the technological voids would swell further, while those near the voids would be compressed under the welling pressure generated by the soil behind, resulting in an increase in homogeneity in terms of dry density distribution. However, this homogenization process would stop after a certain time. Further examination showed that the homogenization process ended when the maximum boundary friction force became equal to or higher than the vector sum of swelling forces in the radial direction. Based on the force equilibrium and the mass conservation, the final dry density distribution was estimated. Comparison between the estimation and the measurement showed a good agreement, indicating the relevance of the identified mechanism related to boundary friction.

     

大灰厂跨断层形变资料的地震信息识别

利用具有明显物理意义的断层蠕动模型在充分考虑可能存在的干扰因素影响的基础上，对大灰石台跨断层地形变资料在１９８９年大同地震前后出现的较大幅度变化进行了异常属性分析。结果表明，这个时期的异常变化尽管叠加有一定的降雨影响，但蠕动模型计算得出的地表变化理论值与实际变化有一定程度的符合，显示出在区域应力场作用下，八宝山断层局部地段在大同地震前后可能存在着与区域应力场应力增强及应力调理有关的构造活动。     

加强地震监测预报工作应密切关注的几个问题

目的，科技进步和社会发展对防震减灾部门提出了更高的工作目标和要求。在未来的一段时期内，一方面需要把地震预报工作从经验基础预报向完善的物理模型推进，另一方面要切实加强地震台网的优化工作，保证研究工作的顺利开展。纵观当前的政治经济形势和地震科学研究现状，文章提出了在“十五”期间应特别关注的几个问题：①正确处理“继承和发展”的关系，努力造就跨世纪的监测预报人才；②监测台网优化和监测技术的发展必须重视预报对监测技术的需求；③分析预报工作的基础建设对提高预报工作质量的作用不容忽视。     

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EFFICACY OF GEOELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD IN EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION AND SITE CONDITION

INTRODUCTION In the past two decades, field observation, laboratory experiments, and the theoretical studies in the study on earthquake prediction have been carried out in several countries, by using ρ_s method, and valuable results have been achieved. The first geoelectrical resistivity (ρ_s) observatory for earthquake forecasting established at     

石油测井光电编码器深度测量系统

介绍了石油测井深度光电编码器测量系统的测量原理、系统组成以及电路分析,同时在对系统误差分析的基础上给出了具体校正方法。     

台风期间浮标和潜标上ADCP的空间变化、数据误差及校正#br#

基于南海北部浮标和潜标的声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）数据,通过一套几何算法计算了台风海鸥（1415）期间ADCP的空间变化和流速误差,并进行数据校正。浮标上,台风过后ADCP的水平位移最大可达2.61 km,水平流速误差最大可达0.27 m/s,垂向流速误差最大仅为5×10^-4 m/s;温跃层流速校正值在台风过后显著大于流速测值,这表明水平校正对于温跃层流速的质量控制很重要。潜标上,ADCP最大垂向位移增量为179 m,最大绳子倾角为35°,最大水平位移为1.5 km; ADCP水平流速误差和倾角误差都很小,在数据校正中可忽略不计,但对台风过后中层流速的垂向校正不能忽略。     

Study on Variation of Fitting Goodness of Relation Between Earthquake Frequency and Magnitude before Moderately Strong Earthquakes (Ms≥5.0)

In this paper,characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of linear fitting goodness before some moderately strong earthquakes(Ms≥5.0)in the eastern part of China(east of longitude 180)are studied according to the famous Gutenberg-Richter's relation expressed as lgN=a-bM,by using the moderate and small events that occurred in and around the source area.The results show that the linear goodness of fitting varies abnormally prior to these moderately strong earthquakes.In the early stage of the earthquake preparatory process,distribution of the energy released through small events in and around the source area is isostatic and the fitting goodness approximates 1,while the distribution of the energy turns to be isostatic before moderately strong earthquakes,leading to the obvious decrease of the linear goodness of fitting.This phenomenon could be a medium term anomaly and a medium term criterion for moderately strong earthquake prediction.