Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 AQI 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.     

江苏省“十一五”省级基础测绘规划实施方案研究

在分析了江苏基础测绘状况的基础上,介绍了"十一五"基础测绘的原则、目标和任务,提出了组织实施方案和保障措施.     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.     

海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线关系探讨

海洋生态红线制度是我国"五位一体"文明建设的具体要求。为进一步在自然科学与人文科学的联结点上探求深入开展生态红线工作的可能性,文章对比了实施多年的海洋功能区划与历史新阶段提出的海洋生态保护红线的概念和内涵,剖析了两者之间的区别与联系,指出海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划在法律地位和管控制度等方面具有一致性,在划分目标、空间管理及划分方法上具有差异性,海洋功能区划以"使用"为主,海洋生态红线以"保护"引领。在此基础上,建议未来海洋生态红线工作的开展可从海洋功能区划借鉴经验,建立完善的管控评估制度,确立生态保护红线的优先地位,处理好海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划的关系。同时,海洋生态红线区划应以维持海洋生态系统结构稳定和提高海洋生态系统服务功能为目标,将区域资源环境承载力评估作为一项参考指标,限制低承载区的开发利用,保证海洋生态环境健康可持续发展。     

在线地图集发布与服务系统的设计与实现

地图集作为反映一个地区或一种领域研究成果的地图集合,是测绘行业的一个重要组成部分,传统地图集编制与发布的成果多为纸质版,制作与发布周期比较长,更新速度慢。该系统对在线地图集发布与服务系统进行开发,有效地缩短了地图集编制时间,提高了地图集编制与发布的效率。在对整个系统进行了完整的设计后,对相关关键技术进行了研究,最后实现了整个系统的开发,并对系统主要功能做出展示。     

湖南1∶25万怀化幅区域地质调查主要成果及新认识

1∶25万怀化幅图区主要位于扬子陆块东南缘,自西向东划分为武陵断弯褶皱带、沅麻盆地、雪峰冲断带及邵阳坳褶带4个构造单元。通过此次调查研究,取得了以下主要进展及成果: 基本查明了区内板溪群与高涧群的相变关系及界线; 提出了南华纪长安期沿雪峰山与涟邵盆地的结合带存在一凹陷槽; 对区内岩浆岩侵入时代和期次做了详细的划分,建立了岩浆演化序列; 结合同位素年龄数据,系统地对白马山—龙山复式岩基带及其周边的中酸性—酸性花岗岩体侵入时代、火山岩系的喷发时代进行了统一厘定; 查明了雪峰造山带的构造变形特征、构造样式以及沅麻盆地的构造特征和形成演化过程。     

Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...     

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Protein Kinase C Gene from Dunaliella salina

Protein kinase C(PKC) has a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of biologically active substances which activate cellular functions and proliferation. We previously isolated the full-length PKC gene from Dunaliella salina(Ds PKC) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) and RT-PCR methods. And we submitted the mRNA sequence of Ds PKC gene to NCBI(Genbank No. JN625213). In the present paper, the Ds PKC gene open reading frame obtained by PCR was cloned into pGS-21 a vector and transformed into Escherichia coli to generate the fusion protein. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DsPKC gene was a member of serine/threonine kinase with two conserved domains and highly conserved motifs. The Ds PKC was highly expressed upon induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside(IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.2 mmol L~(-1) at 37℃. Under salt stress, the fusion protein Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP)-DsPKC was transferred from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. The expression pattern of Ds PKC gene was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR, and indicated that Ds PKC gene was up-regulated by 3.0 mol L~(-1) NaCl at 12 h, which was significantly higher than in control values(P 0.05). These results suggest that the Ds PKC gene plays an important role in response to salt stress in D. salina.     

白昼光与验色仪

提出我国自行设计,用特制电源控制的高压短弧氙灯和光谱调节器计算、研制成功的验色仪。并叙述了设计验色仪的指导思想,理论计算与实验装置。指出验色仪中的白昼光模拟器（Ｄ６５光源）六项技术指标均达到ＣＩＥ（ＩｎｔｅｍａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｎＩｌｌｕｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ）和先进国家规定的标准．     

Inhibition of spore germination of Ulva pertusa by the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis CI4

The e?ect of the bacterial strain CI4 on the germination of spores from the green alga Ulva pertusa was assayed and it was found that the bacterial bioˉlm and cell-free supernatant strongly inhibited spore germination. In attempts to deˉne the chemical nature of the antifouling substance in the supernatant of CI4, the culture supernatants were tested for activity after heat treatment, enzy- matic treatments, size fractionation, and separation into aqueous and organic fractions. Results suggest that this bacterium produces an extracellular component with speciˉc activity toward algal spores that was heat-sensitive and between 3 and 10 kDa in molecular size. The exposure of the organic phase fraction to spores showed inhibitive e?ect on spore germination. Pronase and car- boxypeptidase y did not signiˉcantly a?ect the activity of inhibitory component, suggesting that the component was not a protein or a peptide. The bacterium CI4 was identiˉed as Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis based on the phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA gene analysis.