Impact of human activity on the estuary of the Qiantang River and the reclamation of tidal flats and river regulation

The swing of the main channel of the Qiantang River is controlled by the high-water and low-water changes in the river, as well as the impact of large-scale reclamation of tidal flats. Its evolution in modern times is the result of the combined functions of natural and man-made factors. This paper analyzes the cause of the formation of the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow and proposes the regulation principle of “To regulate the river and reclaim tidal flats by taking the advantage of local topography”. It is suggested to cut off the South Channel and Xisan Tidal Furrow completely to restrict the swing of the main channel and to increase the reclamation area of the tidal flat at the same time.     

基于局部加密非结构网格的海洋可控源电磁法三维有限元正演

本文基于非结构网格实现了海洋可控源电磁法三维有限元正演模拟.该算法采用完全非结构网格剖分,可以模拟任意起伏地形和复杂地电模型.为了避免场源的奇异性,采用一次场/二次场分解算法,一次场由基于Schelkunoff势函数的一维解析公式得到.为了提高算法的精度和效率,采用对测点附近单元和异常体区域进行体积约束加密的方法,实现了非结构网格的局部加密.一、二维模型计算和分析表明,本文采用的局部加密方法能够明显地改善算法的精度,最大相对误差基本在1%以内.对三维模型计算及对比分析,说明了该算法对三维可控源电磁正演的实用性.复杂海底地形模型的正演模拟表明,海底地形对电磁场的影响很大,在进行海洋可控源电磁资料解释时,地形的影响有必要考虑在内.     

Climate change mitigation in the coal mining industry: low-carbon pathways and mine safety indicators

Natural Hazards - As China’s major energy source, the coal sector contributes to a significant portion of China’s greenhouse gas emissions, and the industry faces huge pressure in...     

基于LAMP-LFD技术的有害赤潮藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)快检方法

以东海原甲藻的ITS序列(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS)为检测靶标,将生物素标记的环介导恒温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)扩增产物与经异硫氰酸荧光素(Fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)标记的探针特异性杂交,并结合横向流动试纸条(Lateral flow dipstick,LFD)肉眼直接观察检测结果,建立了有害赤潮藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的快速检测技术。经优化后的最适条件为63°C、30min,较常规PCR扩增缩短约2h。结果表明:LAMPLFD可特异性检出东海原甲藻,对常见赤潮藻检测结果均为阴性;其对东海原甲藻基因组DNA的检测最低限为47pg/μL,是常规PCR技术(以F3/B3为引物)的10倍。LAMP-LFD技术能高效、特异地检出东海原甲藻,仪器设备依赖性低,结果可视化,有望成为赤潮原因种检测监控的常规方法。     

Carbon emissions accounting for China’s coal mining sector: invisible sources of climate change

Natural Hazards - Coal is the primary source of China’s carbon emissions due to the energy structure and its resource endowment. This reality creates enormous pressure and impetus for...     

电阻率成像的混合正则化反演算法

利用混合正则化方法对二维分片常值电阻率进行反演研究,该方法结合了全变差正则化方法(total variation regularization)和经典吉洪诺夫正则化方法(classical Tikhonov regularization)的优点. 全变差正则化能够有效地重构分片常值电阻率和识别边界,而经典吉洪诺夫正则化方法则能有效地重构光滑的电阻率,从数值算例中可以看出,将这两种方法有效地结合到一起能够改进重构效果.     

南美奥连特前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造形成物理模拟

奥连特盆地是一个位于南美安第斯山前的弧后前陆盆地,盆地东部斜坡带发育大量低幅度构造,并与油气有密切关系。为明确奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造的形成过程及其主控因素,深入分析了低幅度构造的发育特征,针对性地开展了构造物理模拟实验研究。结果表明,奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造主要与逆断层、反转断层和走滑断层相伴生,一般位于断层上盘,控制其发育的动力学机制主要是断层的正反转作用和走滑作用,而且先存正断层向深部变缓,有利于断层后期的反转以及低幅度构造的发育。     

基于非结构三角网格的海洋CSEM和MT二维联合反演研究

采用非结构三角形网格结合快速Occam算法对海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)与大地电磁(MT)数据进行二维联合反演试验研究。非结构三角形网格能够准确地模拟起伏地形和复杂地质构造,对反演目标区域采用精细网格剖分,其他区域采用粗网格剖分,在满足精度的前提下减少了不必要的计算量。将CSEM与MT数据加入到同一反演数据集中,通过对联合反演数据权重公式进行推导,构建CSEM及MT数据相关权重因子,控制不同数据的拟合权重来实现联合反演。最后对不同模型进行了反演计算,结果表明联合反演比单一反演对海底构造与异常体的还原度更高,验证了联合反演算法的可靠性。     

Relationship between the transition frequency of local fluid flow and the peak frequency of attenuation

Local fluid flow (LFF) at the mesoscopic scale is the main dissipation mechanism of seismic waves in heterogeneous porous media within the seismic frequency band. LFF is easily influenced by the structure and boundary conditions of the porous media, which leads to different behaviors of the peak frequency of attenuation. The associated transition frequency can provide detailed information about the trend of LFF; therefore, research on the transition frequency of LFF and its relationship with the peak frequency of the corresponding attenuation (i.e., inverse of quality factor) facilitates the detailed understanding of the effect of inner structures and boundary conditions in porous media. In this study, we firstly obtain the transition frequency of fluid flux based on Biot’s theory of poroelasticity and the fast Fourier transform algorithm in a sample containing one repeating unit cell (RUC). We then analyze changes of these two frequencies in porous media with different porous properties. Finally, we extend our analysis to the influence of the undrained boundary condition on the transition frequency and peak frequency in porous media with multiple RUCs. This setup can facilitate the understanding of the effect from the undrained boundary condition. Results demonstrate that these two frequencies have the same trend at low water saturation, but amplitude variations differ between the frequencies as the amount of saturation increases. However, for cases of high water saturation, both the trend and the amplitude variation of these two frequencies fit well with each other.