A contribution to the theory of the equatorial noise generation in the Earth’s magnetosphere

This work is devoted to the study of the generation of the equatorial noise—electromagnetic emission below the LHR frequency observed near the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere at distances of ~4R_E. According to accepted views, the generation of the equatorial noise is related to the instability of ring current protons. In this work, a logarithmic distribution of energetic protons over the magnetic moment with an empty loss cone is proposed, and arguments for the formation of such a distribution are presented. The main result of the work is the calculation and analysis of the instability growth rate of waves forming the equatorial noise. The growth rate obtained in this work significantly differs from that encountered in the literature.     

Studying the Volga R. in the voyage of the R/V Akademik Topchiev

The expedition for studying the Volga R. was organized by the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Inland Water Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, with the participation of the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry on the r/v Akademik Topchiev (June 2–18, 2016). The main objective of the expedition studies of the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, was to examine the sedimentation and biogeochemical processes in the mixing zone of the Volga and its tributaries with the aim to assess the present-day water quality and trends in its changes in the recent years. In this context, the study was focused on the aerosols of near-water layer, surface water, and bottom sediments along the route the Rybinsk Reservoir (Borok Settl.)–Lower Volga (Astrakhan C.). The methodology was based on a multidisciplinary study of dissolved compounds and suspended particles (<1 μm). The main attention was focused on studying the spatial variations of biogenic substances, organic compounds (Corg in suspension and solution), the suspension itself, and hydrcarbons.     

Whistler Growth Rates in the Magnetosphere According to Measurements of Energetic Electron Fluxes on the Van Allen Probe A Satellite

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Measurements of the differential fluxes of energetic electrons in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere in the energy range from units of keV to hundreds of keV...     

The present-day condition and regularities of the distribution of the bottom communities in Taganrog Bay

Six benthic communities (Oligochaeta, Neanthes, Hypanis, Dreissena, Chironomidae, and Cerastoderma) were distinguished in Taganrog Bay. The main factors influencing the distribution of the benthic communities in Taganrog Bay in 2003 are the salinity, the character of the sediment, and the origin of the fauna.     

Auroral pulsations and accompanying VLF emissions

Results of simultaneous TV observations of pulsating auroral patches and ELF-VLF-emissions in the morning sector carried out in Sodankylä (Finland) on February 15, 1991 are presented. Auroral pulsating activity was typical having pulsating patches with characteristic periods of about 7 s. Narrow-band hiss emissions and chorus elements at intervals of 0.3–0.4 s formed the main ELF-VLF activity in the frequency range 1.0–2.5 kHz at the same time. The analysis of auroral images with time resolution of 0.04 s allowed perfectly separate analysis of spatial and temporal variations in the auroral luminosity. Mutual correspondence between the behaviour of the luminous auroral patches and the appearance of ELF noise type hiss emissions and VLF chorus trains was found in two intervals chosen for analysis. While the hiss emissions were associated with the appearance of luminosity inside a limited area close to the zenith, the structured VLF emissions were accompanied by rapid motion of luminosity inside the area. The spatial dimension of the pulsating area was about 45–50 km and luminosity propagated inside it with velocity of about 10–12 kms. We discuss a new approach to explain the 5–15 s auroral pulsation based on the theory of flowing cyclotron maser and relaxation characteristics of ionosphere.     

Comparative Analysis of Models for Disintegration of Meteoric Bodies

A model for fast sequential disintegration of meteoroids in the terrestrial atmosphere, which takes a scale factor into account, was published by Ivanov and Ryzhanskii (1997). The trajectory of a nonablating body was determined by stage-by-stage computations; the number of stages could be more than 30. In the present study, this physical model is represented by a set of differential equations, which are solved by the method of separation of variables, in particular, with allowance for ablation. For bounded values of the mass-loss parameter, the solution is expressed in terms of elementary functions. Examples of the calculation of meteoric-body trajectories based on other models and their comparison with the proposed model are presented. Comparison of the results indicate the efficiency of these models in solving the inverse problems of dynamics and disruption of meteoroids in the atmosphere.     

Variations in the Aboveground Phytomass in Northern Eurasia in the 21st Century

Doklady Earth Sciences - Changes in the phytomass of the ecosystems of Northern Eurasia were traced based on the results of modeling and analysis of multispectral satellite imagery (MODIS archives...     

Simultaneous Observations of EMIC Waves,ELF/VLF Waves,and Energetic Particle Precipitation during Multiple Compressions of the Magnetosphere

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Simultaneous observations of ELF/VLF and EMIC waves from Van Allen Probe satellites in the daytime Earth’s magnetosphere and on the ground during multiple...