NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBIDITY CURRENT IN RESERVOIR

I. INTRODUCTIONWhen a sediment--laden flow reaches the backwater zone of a reservoir, the suddenreduction of flow velocity causes sediment particles to settle toward the river bed. Undercertain circumstsnces, it will plunge and form a layer of sediment--water mixture flowingbeneath the water surface. This flowing layer is called the turbidity current. A turbiditycurrent is relatively stable and has important impacts on reservoir sedimentation.In the case of deep reservoirs, due to temper…     

Collision Tectonics between the Tarim Block (Basin) and the Northwestern Tibet Plateau: New Observations from a Multidisciplinary Geoscientific Investigation in the Western Kunlun Mountains

New results from deep seismic reflection profiling, wide-angle reflection-refraction profiling and broadband seismic experiments reveal that a series of south-dipping reflectors occur on the southern margin of the Tarim block (basin). However, it is these south-dipping structures that are intercepted by another series of north-dipping reflectors at depths from 30 to about 150 km beneath the foreland of the W Kunlun Mountains. No evidence from the above geophysical data as well as geochemical and surface geological data indicate the southward subduction of the Tarim block beneath the W Kunlun Mountains (NW Tibet plateau), forming the so-called "two-sided subduction" model for the Tibet plateau as proposed by previous studies. So the authors infer that the tectonic interaction between the Tarim block and the W Kunlun block was chiefly affected by a "horizontal compression in opposite directions", which brought about "face-to-face contact" between these two lithospheric blocks and led to the thickening, sh     

A numerical study of comparison of two one-state-variable,rate-and state-dependent friction evolution laws

The two one-state-variable, rate-and state-dependent friction laws, i.e., the slip and slowness laws, are compared on the basis of dynamical behavior of a one-degree-of-freedom spring-slider model through numerical simulations.Results show that two(normalized) model parameters, i.e., Δ(the normalized characteristic slip distance) and β-α(the difference in two normalized parameters of friction laws), control the solutions.From given values of Δ, β, and α, for the slowness laws, the solution exists and the un...     

南海的右行陆缘裂解成因

南海成果是西太平洋边缘海动力学研究的重要部分,也关系到特提期,环太平洋两大超级会聚带的相互作用,是国内外地学界长期研究的热点问题。西太平洋边缘海内带,尤其是日本海和南海在形成时代,海盆形态和海底地貌,海底扩张的多轴,多阶段,由东向西扩展特征,岩石圈地幔的地球化学异常等方面具有共同特征,可能在成因上也相似,南海的海盆的楔形的楔形形状,海底扩张及陆架盆地的断陷的由北向南发展和自东向西推进的特征,地壳伸展减薄和海底扩张程度的由东向西减弱都可用尖端向西的“剪刀模型”来描述,即南海的张开是近南北向右行剪切力作用下东亚陆缘发生裂解的结果。南海张开的同时在海盆内及其西缘印支半岛上发育大量近南北向右行走滑断裂,表明当时存在区域性的近南北向右行剪切应力,而在其东缘现在看不到大型近南北向右行走滑断裂,可能是在中中新世以后受从赤道附近近滑移北上并沿马尼拉海沟仰冲的菲律宾群岛所破坏的结果。晚中生代以来,在西太平洋构造域,特提斯构造域西段（印度）及东段（澳大利亚）先后发生了朝欧亚大陆的,不同方向和速度的会聚。在这三大作用的复合和竞争的动力学背景下,东亚陆缘发生了有地幔参加传动的“超级剪切”,其应力场经历了左行压扭体制和右行张扭体制交替的阶段性变化,正是在特提斯构造域西段的会聚起主导作用的阶段,东亚陆缘在右行张扭应力场作用下发生裂解,形成了南海和其他内带边缘海。     

Three-dimensional saltating processes of multiple sediment particles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interacting mechanism between the saltating particles near a channel bed. A three-dimensional real-time flow visualization technique was developed to measure the interparticle collision behaviors during the saltating process. Based on the experimental data, the distribution of the collision points was found to be symmetric. This confirms the assumption that the projections of the collision points onto the reasonable plane are uniformly distributed. A three-dimensional saltating model was also developed. This model produced satisfactory results. The model is able to simulate the continuous saltating trajectories of several particles. The simulated dimensionless saltating height, longitudinal and vertical saltation velocity components were found to increase as the dimensionless particle diameter and the dimensionless flow transport capacity parameter increase, while the simulated lateral saltation velocity component varies inversely with the dimensionless flow transport capacity parameter. A regression equation for the bed load transport rate was also obtained.     

台南盆地的地震构造ht

由于发生1906,1941,1946,1994和1999年的破坏性地震，对台南盆地的地震构造有了更全面的了解，并对台湾西南部的活动右旋走滑的义竹断裂有了新的看法. 曾熟知的梅山断裂和新化断裂不是独立的地震断裂，它们均属于义竹断裂的分段. 1994年9月16日，震中在台湾海峡、台南盆地边缘的地震，断层面接近东西向.此地震为台南盆地沉降历史过程中，右旋走滑断裂的活动剪裂所导致. 从1941年和1999年地震的主震和微震记录中发现，这些菱形分布的地震图像，象征走滑断裂双轨构造中的压缩区. 基于上述研究及其它资料表明义竹断裂是台湾西南部重要的构造活动带，并具有引发地震的可能性.