The Sedimentary–Migration–Igneous Hypothesis of Oil Formation

Doklady Earth Sciences - Physical–chemical simulation of the conditions of hydrocarbon formation at the Erema–Chona oil accumulation (Lena–Tunguska petroleum province) revealed...     

Sedimentogenesis and resource potential of Middle–Upper Bathonian reservoirs in the Middle Ob’ region

This study provides a comprehensive sedimentologic analysis of the J₂ prospective horizon (Middle–Late Bathonian) in the central West Siberian Basin. Based on the extensive dataset, it was established that structural complexity of this horizon is largely caused by a variety of depositional environments. Sedimentary facies of this horizon pass upward from widespread continental at the base, through deltaic or coastal-continental, to marginal-marine at the top. Change in the paleohypsometry of the study area reflects the distribution of depositional environments, in terms of the proportions of continental, transitional, and marine deposits. The study also shows that facies variability and change in depositional settings can have a significant control on reservoir quality, as well as its vertical and lateral distribution. Using a combination of detailed GDE reconstructions, structure contour mapping on the top and base of the J₂ horizon, analyses of well test data, probability of reservoir presence, distribution of average porosity and permeability within different subenvironments, a composite map showing variations in the reservoir effectiveness in the J₂ horizon was generated.     

Nanoecology, a new direction in studying polydisperse aerosol systems

Nanoecology is a new scientific direction in ecology. It has developed as part of the research into particles in the size range from 10^?9 to 10^?6 nm and larger. The particles exist in aqueous, gas, and solid phases and continuously interact depending on the thermodynamic conditions (T, P, pH, Eh) and quantitative phase partitioning. They affect adversely the environment and cause different diseases. Physicochemical simulation predicts the behavioral scenarios of these particles. Using the Selector-C software tool, we first attempted a physicochemical (thermodynamic) simulation of emission of carbon and other nanoparticles in the near-surface atmospheric layer up to a height of 500 m at an average land surface temperature of 15°C and in the lower tropospheric layers at a height of 2?C3 km at a temperature of 3°C (at the corresponding pressure levels of 1 bar and 0.79 bar). The simulation was performed by varying the system-contained concentration of carbon dioxide and by estimating its effect on the temperature in accordance with geological processes that occurred on the planet in the periods of its long-term evolution. It was found that the solid particles display fibrogenous activity and carcinogenic properties and are indicators of natural-technical systems.     

Unusual PGE distribution in the mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Early Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.35 Ga) drusite (coronite) complex of the Belomorian region,northern Karelia,Russia

The PGE pattern and PGM was studied in the rocks of numerous small mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the Early Paleoproterozoic (2.46–2.35 Ga) drusite complex of the Belomorian mobile belt, eastern Baltic Shield, Russia. The chondrite-normalized PGE pattern in the studied rocks (gabbronorites, pyroxenites, and plagioclase lherzolites) is similar to that of the primitive mantle, regardless of the composition of these rocks. It was shown for the first time that different rock types of the drusite complex contain minerals of all six PGE, which makes these rocks principally different from the coeval large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions with Pd-Pt mineralization at the adjacent Kola and Karelian cratons. This is presumably related to the generation conditions of the parental magmas of the siliceous high-magnesian series (SHMS) and to the practically complete absence of differentiation during the emplacement of the intrusions. Owing to this, the drusite intrusions retained the primary PGE distribution, which is presumably typical of the parental melts of SHMS and was only partially modified by allochemical metamorphism.     

Conceptual approach to astronomical problems

New technical capabilities have brought about the sweeping growth of the amount of data acquired by the astronomers from observations with different instruments in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. We consider conceptual approach to be a promising tool to efficiently deal with these data. It uses problem domain knowledge to formulate the tasks and develop problem-solving algorithms and data analysis methods in terms of domain concepts without reference to particular data sources, and thereby allows solving certain problems in general form. We demonstrate the benefits of conceptual approach by using it to solve problems related to search for secondary photometric standard candidates, determination of galaxy redshifts, creation of a binary and multiple star repository based on inhomogeneous databases, and classification of eclipsing binaries.We formulate and solve these problems over specifications of astronomical knowledge units such as photometric systems, astronomical objects, multiple stars, etc., and define them in terms of the corresponding problem domains independently of the existing data resources.     

Seismic studies of frozen ground in Arctic areas

Seismiv surveys have been applied to investigate the structure of frozen ground, to identify and contour natural and man-caused unfrozen layers in permafrost (taliks), to constrain the position of the permafrost table in the Arctic inner shelf, and to study the related coastal stability. They are the classic methods common in shallow seismic exploration and new techniques specially designed at the Institute of Earth’s Cryosphere (Tyumen’) for different wave components. The joint use of compressional and shear waves provides a higher-quality interpretation of seismic data in permafrost applications. In the case of a single wave component, shear waves are advantageous over P waves.     

The turbulent dispersion of surface drifters by water waves: experimental study

Ocean Dynamics - Dispersion of a passive tracer by water waves is of significant importance for many scientific and technological problems including bio-diversity of marine life, ecological impact...     

Geological evolution and petroleum systems in the North Caspian Region

The structure and formation evolution of the principal North Caspian zones (North Caspian Basin, Karakul-Smushkovskii Foredeep, South Emba Foredeep, Karpinsky Range Fold Zone, Mangyshlak-Central Ustyurt Fold Zone, etc.) are discussed. Drilling data and seismic profiles were utilized in the study, and an analysis of hydrocarbon systems has been performed.     

Assessment of the Oil and Gas Potential of the Basement of the Southern Part of the Siberian Platform and Deep-Seated Oil Exploration

Doklady Earth Sciences - The main goal is to assess the oil and gas potential of the basement of the southern part of the Siberian Platform as an additional source for the long-term filling of the...