Correlation of large displacement drained shear strength of landslide soils measured by direct shear and ring shear devices

Based on a laboratory study of drained direct shear tests of remoulded, pre-cut and polished specimens and drained ring shear tests of uncut and remoulded specimens of slip surface materials of five landslide soils, significant correlations of the mobilized shear strength parameters, cohesion (c, c _r) and internal friction angle (Φ, Φ_r), are proposed. The investigated soils consisted of the slip surface material belonging to tuffaceous clay, mudstone, loess and siltstone. Most of the previous studies on residual shear strength measured by reversal direct shear and ring shear devices have obtained significantly different results using the two devices, even when pre-cut and polished specimens were used in the direct shear device. In this study, the residual shear strength values of remoulded specimens measured by a ring shear device are shown to significantly correlate with the drained large displacement shear strength values of remoulded specimens, which were measured using pre-cut and polished specimens in a direct shear device. The correlation between the cohesion measured in the two shear devices is expressed by the linear relationship, $ {c_{\text{r}}} = 0.{7394}c - {6}.{6857} $ , while the correlation between the friction angle measured in the two devices is expressed by the linear relationship, $ {\Phi_{\text{r}}} = {1}.0{852}\Phi - {6}.0{247} $ . The proposed linear correlations for effective cohesion (c′) and effective friction angle (Φ′) have yielded significant coefficients of determination within an effective normal stress range of 30–150?kN/m².     

Kirchhoff向下延拓法在海洋合成多道地震走时反演中的应用*

海洋多道地震数据建模和成像是获取洋壳速度和构造信息的重要手段。海水层的存在使得多道地震拖缆接收到的折射波走时信息仅仅存在于较远的炮检距, 近炮检距被强振幅海底反射波覆盖, 制约了走时数据拾取和反演效果。本文基于波动方程的Kirchhoff积分法, 成功实现了多道地震数据向下延拓, 获取到了更大炮检距区间的初至折射波走时拾取, 并将其应用于洋中脊新生洋壳2A/2B层的合成多道地震数据走时反演。比较向下延拓前后的走时拾取范围及走时反演结果表明, 向下延拓法能够保持地震波场的运动学和动力学特征不变, 在共炮集数据的更大炮检距范围内进行初至折射走时拾取, 从而增加反演的数据选择和浅层射线覆盖, 反演结果能更加准确地分辨出洋壳2A/2B层界面, 并得到更高的分辨率和更准确的速度结构剖面。     

Streamflow generation regarding storage components and runs' characteristics

An attempt is made in this study to search for a model which is capable of reproducing the reservoir storage components and runs' characteristics along with the mean, standard deviation, skewness and correlation coefficients of historical monthly streamflows. The model based upon the method of fragments and a scheme devised for annual values is found to yield satisfactory results and is, therefore, recommended for use.