Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity in several zooplanktonic crustaceans

Zooplankton are an essential component of the marine and estuarine food chains. The ecotoxicological risk to zooplanktonic communities, estimated through the use of the biomarkers, can be used as an early warning signal of a potential alteration of the ecosystem health. The aim of this project was to evaluate the potential use of several biomarkers (esterases, mixed function oxidases, porphyrins) in zooplanktonic organisms. The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was determined in homogenates of whole organisms of 10 different zooplanktonic crustaceans. Mean activity of AChE was 10.05 micromol/min/g for Acartia margalefi; 3.30 for Acartia latisetosa; 79.70 for Siriella clausi; 49.97 for Diamysis bahirensis; 7.48 for Siriella armata; 14.20 for Mysidopsis gibbosa; 4.49 for Euphausia crystallorophias; 1.66 for Euphausia superba; 2.74 for Streetsia challengeri; 13.26 for Meganycthiphanes norvegica. The species moreover showed a linear increase in enzyme activity in relation to the increase in sample concentration. The key result of this study concerns the different AChE activity basal values of the crustaceans' different species.     

Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh marsh environments: a mesocosm simulation

Research was conducted to assess the impact of oiling on fresh-marsh plant communities and to test the efficacy of techniques that may be used to enhance the bioremediation of crude oil spills in these environments while minimizing secondary anthropogenic impacts. To emulate field conditions, a mesocosm facility was used that houses 120 mesocosm vessels, each of 200-1 capacity. A five-way factorial treatment arrangement was used that included two substrates (inorganic, organic), two nutrient regimes (fertilized, not fertilized), two aeration levels (substrate aeration, no aeration), three oiling concentrations (0-, 5-, 10-1 m(-2) of South Louisiana Sweet Crude oil), and four vascular plant species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Panicum hemitomon, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria lancifolia, and an unplanted control). Under the 5- and 10-1 m(-2) oiling concentrations, S. lancifolia displayed a short-term response of increased productivity, whereas P. hemitomon had the highest biomass production and photosynthetic rates at the end of the 18-month experiment. Overall plant growth and productivity, as well as oil degradation, were significantly higher in the inorganic substrate, indicating that biodegradation of oil spills in organic substrates may require a longer time period. Time-released fertilizer also stimulated plant productivity and resulted in higher soil respiratory quotients, suggestive of greater microbial activity, particularly in aerated mesocosms. The amount of oil remaining after 18 months was lowest in aerated and fertilized mesocosms containing either P. hemitomon or S. lancifolia and a substrate of low organic matter content.     

活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术应用于矿产勘查及环境研究

本文比较了活性水系沉积物的冻结采样技术与常规采样技术，经统计分析，１０种氧化物和２１种微量元素在两种技术之间全部都存在着显著的差异。在１２２个采样点上所得到的氧化物重量百分比和微量元素含量表明：冻结采样可得到具有代表性的沉积物样品。每个采样点为了获得对沉积物中氧化物重量百分比和元素含量具有代表性的评估，需要小于５０％的冻结样品，相反，常规采样由于冲洗和淘洗细粒级沉积物，致命用以常规地球化学分析的沉     

在鄂霍茨克——楚克奇火山矿床中的金—冰长石—石英集合体

含金的冰长石－石英集合体是金银矿化的指示剂，它们在区域矿床系列中，并在的集合体的结构，石英及冰长石典型的化学键和金矿堆积作用中，具有统一的规律性。     

公共服务电子地图瓦片分类插值重建方法研究

针对高分屏上公共服务电子地图显示出现注记模糊、线划锯齿化等问题,该文提出了一种面向高分屏的公共服务地图瓦片分类插值超分辨率重建方法。实验结果表明:所提算法不仅可以有效地改善公共服务电子地图瓦片的可视化效果,而且对瓦片访问速度的影响甚小。研究成果在不改变现有地理信息应用系统技术流程和技术架构的基础上,显著提升了公共服务地图瓦片的显示效果,具有很强的应用推广价值。方法将公共服务地图瓦片中的像素分为3类,根据像素特征选择插值方法,增加瓦片文件的像素数量,使其在高分屏上显示时,有更多的采样点,从而获得清晰、稳定的视觉效果,是一种快速、有效的提升公共服务地图瓦片显示效果的方法。     

A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques and their effect on sensitivity analysis and inverse modeling results

Five common numerical techniques for solving the advection-dispersion equation (finite difference, predictor corrector, total variation diminishing, method of characteristics, and modified method of characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using discrete, randomly distributed, homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an opportunity to compare the solution techniques: the heterogeneous hydraulic-conductivity distribution of known structure can be accurately represented by a numerical model, and detailed measurements can be compared with simulated concentrations and total flow through the tank. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results--simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values--change in this heterogeneous situation given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The breakthrough curves show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied between the techniques because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity-analysis results revealed: (1) a high correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity given the concentration and flow observations used, so that both could not be estimated; and (2) that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information to estimate individual values of dispersivity for the five sands. This study demonstrates that the choice of assigned dispersivity and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique influence estimated hydraulic conductivity values to a surprising degree.