怀柔应急水源地地下水水质变化研究

本文综合怀柔应急水源地开采期间开采量、水质等系列动态监测资料,对水源地地下水水质变化规律以及引起水质变化的主要因素进行了分析。随着地下水的开采,地下水中硬度、溶解性总固体、硝酸盐等含量呈现逐年增高的趋势,其中,浅层地下水年际增速较快,深层地下水年际增速较缓。另外,利用同位素分析技术识别地下水中NO3-污染的来源,分析结果表明,NO3-主要来源是人工化肥和中水/污水,经土壤微生物硝化作用转为硝酸盐。针对怀柔应急水源地水质变化情况,为保障供水安全,提出了改善地下水水质的对策。     

沂沭泗防汛水情信息系统

沂沭泗防汛水情信息系统是防汛调度决策支持系统中的一个重要组成部分。主要介绍系统的开放性、水情信息处理的自适应性、水情信息图形化、图形漫游、水情信息综合显示、多窗口结合、图形叠加、人机对话、历史资料检索以及屏幕绘图与绘图仪绘图相对应等主要设计特点。     

太原大气能见度影响因子分析及能见度预报

利用2017年1月—2019年12月太原地区逐时气象资料,分析了能见度及其主要影响因子的变化特征,并对两次低能见度过程进行深入分析,构建了能见度预报模型并进行检验,结果表明:(1)从空间分布看,太原北部能见度明显高于南部地区。从时间分布看,太原地区平均能见度最大值出现在5月,最小值出现在1月;日间最低值出现在06:00(北京时,下同),冬季略向后推移,最高值出现在15:00前后。(2)2017—2019年太原地区低能见度分别出现93、84、79 d;低能见度发生时,干霾、湿霾发生频率分别为59.27%、40.73%;湿霾发生时,能见度降低更加明显。(3)所选个例中,能见度均随各影响因子有所起伏,干霾、湿霾过程中能见度分别与颗粒物浓度、相对湿度变化一致。(4)采用神经网络方法构建太原地区能见度预报模型,预报模型相关系数为0.81,均方根为4.43 km,平均绝对误差为17.39%,轻微级能见度的TS评分为87%。神经网络方法对太原地区能见度预报具有较高的参考价值。     

滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统构建和找矿实践

南盘江—右江成矿区作为中国南方集中产出卡林型金矿的地区,是我国最重要的金资源产地之一。笔者等通过沉积系统、地层系统、岩石系统、构造系统、年代系统、物质系统、就位系统、动力学系统的研究,拓展了构造蚀变体的内涵,建立其判别指标,明确其既可产出于不整合面之间,亦可在能干性差异大的岩层之间,构建了中国南方卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统,建立了贵州卡林型金矿区域找矿预测综合模型。笔者等基于构建的成矿系统和预测模型,开展了区域成矿预测,圈定找矿靶区,进行了理论指导下的找矿实践,实现了贵州卡林型金矿的历史性突破。     

地震预警系统在提高中国台湾地区地震速报时效性中的作用

利用地震预警系统对中国台湾地区地震进行速报,与传统地震告警软件对比后发现,预警系统能够在较短时间内得出地震三要素并告警,可为地震速报人员争取较长速报用时。总结了地震速报过程中需要注意的若干细节问题。     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi Carlin-type gold district (Southwest Guizhou,China) and their geological implications

The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province, China, where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits. To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district, we carried out petrographic observations, elemental analyses, and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies. We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou. Three mineralization stages, namely, the sedimentation diagenesis, hydrothermal (main-ore and late-ore substages), and supergene stages, were identified based on field and petrographic observations. The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization, respectively, which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization. The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Mo, and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage. Remarkably, arsenic, Sb, and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage. Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite. The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄ ± N₂ system, with medium to low temperatures (180–260 °C) and low salinity (0–9.08% NaCl equivalent). The late-ore stage fluids featured H₂O–NaCl ± CO₂ ± CH₄, with low temperature (120–200 °C) and low salinity (0–7.48% NaCl equivalent). The temperature, salinity, and CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage. The calculated δ¹³C, δD, and δ¹⁸O values of the ore-forming fluids range from − 14.3 to − 7.0‰, −76 to −55.7‰, and 4.5–15.0‰, respectively. Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ³⁴S values ranging from − 0.6 to 1.9‰. These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, with minor contributions from strata. Collectively, the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou. It is likely that the Baogudi gold district, together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou, was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.

     

论煤田滑动构造与底板突水的关系--以肥城矿区为例

肥城矿区内重力滑动构造的基本特点是具有多层次性、多期性、小规模性和形式多样性。滑动构造加强了含水层之间的水力联系,降低了煤层底板的隔水能力,促进了岩石的应力溶蚀作用,复杂了水网络,减少了煤田深部不。     

南水北调中线通水后北京新增生态环境效益初评

通过北京市南水北调水利用情况及北京市2014—2016年林木生长增加量、城市绿地增加量等方面的了解,对水质改善、密云水库水域面积、固碳释氧、净化空气、涵养水源、防止水土流失等方面,进行初步评价,得出南水北调中线一期工程通水以来,北京市因南水利用而增加的生态环境经济效益累计约37.7917亿元。可见南水在解决供水困境和缓解地下水严重超采的情况下,为北京市生态环境恢复也带来了巨大的效益。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区地质工作思路

提出山东半岛蓝色经济区地质工作部署原则,应坚持＂缺什么,补什么＂,突出海岸带,以环境地质工作为重点,以综合研究为主,增强成果实用性。具体实施内容为1∶10万地质调查评价、大比例尺基础地质调查、矿产资源潜力调查、地质环境监测和综合研究等,并就组织实施提出了保障措施建议。