深海沉积物中白云岩丰度长期变化的周期性表现

从地质记录中寻找周期是科学家最感兴趣的事情之一。最近，Hazen利Trefil（1991）提出了20条科学论点，并提到了地球上的所有事物都以周期模式运转．这个想法在最近对百万个不同的长期的陆地及防外时间序列的周期性分析中得到证实、尤其是RauP利Sepkoski（1984）关于海洋种群灭绝的周期是26Ma的断言引起了很大的争议。讨论集中在26Ma周期的统计稳定性及内在联系方面一对陆地（潮汐玄武岩，气候和海平面变化等）和陆外（冲击陨石坑）循环过程与周期性生物事件的内在联系的很多研究为“灾变循环”的可能出现提供了证据。然而，对这些记录里…     

The concentration and isotopic composition of carbon in basaltic glasses from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean

The abundance and 13C/12C ratios of carbon were analyzed in basaltic glass from twenty locations along the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a 3-step combustion/extraction technique. Carbon released during the first two combustion steps at 400-500 degrees C and 600-650 degrees C is interpreted to be secondary, and only the carbon recovered during a final combustion step at approximately 1200 degrees C is thought to be indigenous to the samples. For carbon released at approximately 1200 degrees C, glasses analyzed as 1-2 mm chips contained 23-146 ppm C with delta 13C values of -4.8 to -9.3%, whereas samples crushed to 38-63 microns or 63-90 microns yielded 56-103 ppm C with delta 13C values of -6.1 to -9.2%. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of the primary carbon dissolved in the glasses and present in the vesicles are similar to those previously reported for other ocean-ridge basalts. The Juan de Fuca basaltic magmas were not in equilibrium with respect to carbon when they erupted and quenched on the sea floor. Evidence of disequilibrium includes (1) a large range of carbon contents among glasses collected at similar depths, (2) a highly variable calculated carbon isotopic fractionation between melt and vapor determined by comparing crushed and uncrushed splits of the same sample, and (3) a lack of correlation between vesicle abundance, carbon concentration, and depth of eruption. Variations in carbon concentration and delta 13C ratios along the ridge do not correlate with major element chemistry. The observed relationship between carbon concentrations and delta 13C values may be explained by late-stage, variable degrees of open-system (Rayleigh-like) degassing.     

峡东区晚震旦世陡山沱组宏体生物化石生态地层学研究

通过对扬子地台北缘－宜昌峡东黄陵背斜东西两翼若干条晚震旦世纪陡山沱组剖面的系统研究，发现并获得丰富的微古植物及宏体生物化石，并依次描述了其类型特征，总结 了其在垂向地层的分布演化规律，建立了两个宏体生物化石群落，最后，初步讨论了区内软躯体动物和具骨骼等后生动物的起源。     

SAR海洋影像的小波表达方法

小波分析可以作为地球物理研究工作的一个工具。通过连续小波变换和离散小波变换得到了检验。在这两种变换中，利用一些不同的计算过程有可能实现波形的分解和复原。每个计算过程的理论背景都利用一些特殊的“小波”作了简单的描述和应用，所用的小波基于高斯函数，同时它提供了满足“时间与频率”（空间位置与波数）局部分析不确定性下界。这种表示方式非常适合于那些非平衡过程的波形分析，通过扩张Ｆｍ－ｃｈｉｒｐ波形和两个不同     

A model of cells as practical approach to simulate spring flow in the Itxina karstic aquifer, Basque Country, Spain

The aim of this study is to apply a parsimonious hydrologic model to the Itxina karstic aquifer that can predict changes in discharge resulting from variable inputs (recharge). The Itxina Aquifer was divided into four cells corresponding to different recharge areas. Each cell was treated as a tank to characterize the conditions within the cell. In the model, when the reservoir boundaries coincide with the position of the siphons, the signal simulated is sensitive to input pulses of the recharge. This supports the hypothesis that the siphons are the controlling mechanism in the flow system of the aquifer. The good agreement between predicted and measured discharges demonstrates the ability of the model to simulate the flow in the Itxina Aquifer. These results demonstrated that the hydraulic conductivity increases downstream within the aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities obtained by calibration varied between 4.2 x 10(-3) m/s upstream of the aquifer, 6.0 x 10(-2) m/s in the central region, and 9.5 x 10(-1) m/s in the lower region of the aquifer. These values seem reasonable because the underground features in the principal caves show that the density of caves increases downstream in the Itxina Aquifer. The simple representation of the system produced results comparable to traditional ground water models with fewer data requirements and calibration parameters.     

青藏高原东北部黄土地区降雨入渗对土质边坡稳定性的影响研究

降雨是诱发土质边坡失稳的主导因素之一,研究降雨入渗对土质边坡稳定性的影响有着重要意义。以青海西宁盆地黄土边坡为例,结合野外现场试验和室内直剪试验,研究了降雨入渗对坡体含水量和抗剪强度的影响,采用FLAC2D软件模拟分析了降雨前后边坡的应力、位移分布特征,并通过计算安全系数对边坡进行稳定性评价。研究结果表明,雨水入渗150 min内边坡表层土层含水量急剧增加,150 min后其变化趋势逐步变缓,较深层土层含水量随雨水入渗时间呈持续缓慢增加的趋势。对于同一层土体而言,雨水入渗深度随降雨历时的增大而增加,且表层土体中雨水入渗速度先快后慢。表层土体含水量每增加1.01%,其粘聚力减小13.53 k Pa,土体抗剪强度降低16 k Pa,说明土体抗剪强度对含水量的变化极为敏感。二维有限元模拟和分析结果表明,在自重应力作用和雨水入渗条件下,研究区坡脚处出现应力集中现象,且降雨后边坡位移量、应力集中范围及应力大小明显大于降雨前,而降雨后边坡稳定安全系数比降雨前降低了21.6%,说明降雨入渗对边坡的稳定性影响较大。