中国北方农牧交错带与非洲萨哈尔地带全新世环境变迁的比较研究

中国北方农牧交错带和非洲萨哈尔带均为处在季风尾闾带的干旱向半湿润气候过渡的地带。通过对比分析 ,发现两个地带自然地理环境及其全新世以来的环境演变等具有很大程度的相似性 ;自全新世以来 ,两个地带均出现过几乎同步的 8个千年尺度的冷暖、干湿旋回 ;在近百年的干湿变化方面都有 10～ 2 0a变化周期 ;在少雨期和多雨期的转变过程中非洲萨哈尔带较中国北方农牧交错带提前 5a以上。这一超前信息的存在 ,为中国北方农牧交错带的气候预测提供了一个重要的前兆因素。     

GEOLOGICAL MARKS OF A POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT EVENT ON THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN SINIAN/CAMBRIAN IN TIANMENSHAN IN WESTERN HUNAN

Geologic marks related to extraterrestrial impact events, such as impact split gravels, impact brecciate layers, impact dikes, microirghizites, microtektites, especially meteoritic residues, were discovered on the boundary between Sinian/Cambrian at Tianmenshan of Western Hunan, which may possibly demonstrate that an extraterrestrial impact event has ever occurred there on the S/C boundary.     

湘东北燕山期陆内碰撞造山带金多金属成矿地球化学

文章采用微量元素(包括稀土元素)地球化学示踪方法，着重讨论了金大规模成矿的物质来源、含矿流体来源及含矿流体运移的能量问题。认为湘东北地区金多金属矿床成矿物质和含矿流体具多来源，大规模花岗质岩浆活动能为成矿元素的活化和成矿流体运移提供巨量能源；成矿物质一部分源于深部含矿热液，可能与富铅、富氯、中高温(320℃左右)、相对还原的酸性环境下的气成热液有关，而冷家溪群及相关地层金多金属成矿物质在热液活动和动力变质作用下的活化迁移有利于金多金属的大规模成矿。侏罗纪以来，岩石圈地球动力学转折及伴随的热液作用和动力变质作用对区内金多金属成矿起重要的作用，而岩浆作用、动力作用和/或热液活动影响程度的可能差异，导致了金多金属矿床具有不同的成矿特点。     

哈拉湖地区天然气水合物地震探测技术试验

哈拉湖位于青藏高原,在该区开展的地质调查、音频大地电磁测深和地球化学调查结果表明,该区具有良好的天然气水合物找矿前景。为寻找天然气水合物,在该区开展了高精度反射地震试验。反射地震采用1 200道接收,道间距2 m,偏移距1 m,炮间距8 m,覆盖次数150次,排列中间激发的观测系统,每道采用6个60 Hz检波器单点组合接收;采样间隔0.5 ms,记录长度2 s,宽频带采集;激发震源为大型车载可控震源。采用该工作方法得到的地震剖面信噪比和分辨率较高,构造形态特征明显。根据试验区地形地貌和地震剖面上反映的永冻土层厚度、断裂构造和高速层分布,结合其他资料,确定了验证孔位。     

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.     

湖南大新金矿床构造控矿特征及矿床成因

湖南大新金矿床位于湘中白马山-龙山东西向成矿带中部的大乘山穹隆北东端。受区域基底断裂的分割与挟持,及其下伏岩浆活动的上侵作用,穹隆核部震旦系江口组地层发生脆性断裂,从而为成矿提供了导矿和容矿构造,矿区矿脉严格受NE、NW、近SN向三组断裂控制。矿床为破碎蚀变岩夹石英脉型金矿床,含矿热液沿断裂破碎带充填交代而成矿。     

青海湖北岸土壤温度变化特征

利用1981-2008年刚察站0～320cm逐月平均土壤温度资料和2001-2008年逐日土壤温度观测资料,分析了青海湖北岸土壤温度变化特征、气候突变和异常年份.结果表明:各层年、季平均土壤温度呈现为极显著的升高趋势,升温率为0.25～0.91℃.(10a)-1;月平均土壤温度呈波形变化,位相随深度增加而滞后;日平均土壤温度呈正弦曲线变化;1月和10月随着深度的增加,土壤温度逐渐增大,4月和7月土壤温度随深度增加而减小;14:00时土壤温度随着深度增加逐渐下降,2:00时、8:00时和20:00时土壤温度随着深度增加而升高;除冬季5cm和15cm,秋季40cm平均土壤温度变化相对平稳,未出现突变现象外,其余各层年、季平均土壤温度均发生了突变;15cm、20cm、40cm、160cm和320cm年平均土壤温度均在20世纪80年代出现了异常偏冷,春季平均土壤温度出现了异常偏暖现象,其余各季和年平均地均表现为异常偏冷.     

玻尿酸合成酶的鲨鱼源单域抗体筛选

在鲨鱼等软骨鱼类体内存在天然的缺失轻链、仅包含重链的抗体,源于这种重链抗体可变区的片段称为单域抗体(single domain antibody)。目前单域抗体研究中的抗原主要来源于水溶性蛋白或病原体,筛选膜蛋白鲨鱼源单域抗体的领域接近空白。本研究以重组表达的小球藻病毒玻尿酸合成酶(一种膜蛋白)为抗原,经过免疫、建库、淘选、验证等步骤获得了抗原特异性条纹斑竹鲨(Chiloscyllium plagiosum)单域抗体序列。随后利用大肠杆菌表达了该单域抗体,通过等温滴定量热技术(ITC)测定了其与抗原的亲和力,证实了以膜蛋白作为抗原制备鲨鱼源单域抗体的可行性。     

黄海、东海区域漫衰减系数光谱遥感反演及激光测深性能评估

本文在总结和比较中国现有黄海、东海海域漫衰减系数反演算法的基础上,利用水色测量数据分析得到漫衰减系数Kd(532)与Kd(490)之间的关系,为激光测深系统(以CZMIL为例)的性能评估提供了基础。利用MODIS二级数据产品评估了中国黄海、东海海域在CZMIL海道测量模式下最大可测水深的空间分布。研究结果表明CZMIL在黄海、东海海域可测水深基本在0—50 m,该区域的面积占研究区域面积的比例为76.2%,为浅海海域开展激光测深作业提供了测深能力评估的依据和方法。     

Effect of Length Scale Tuning of Background Error in WRF-3DVAR System on Assimilation of High-Resolution Surface Data for Heavy Rainfall Simulation

We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) three-dimensional variational assimilation(3DVAR) system.In particular,we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula.In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data,the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out.In this study,we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data.The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively.We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales,representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR.This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields.The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high;results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores.The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area.