Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Mining-Induced Fracture Field: A Case Study Using Image Processing in the Shaqu Coal Mine,China

Natural Resources Research - Mining-induced fracture plays a key role in gas drainage for gas burst-prone underground coal mines, especially for closely multilayered coal seams. The layout and...     

The behaviour of 59Fe in marine microhabitat

Under the artificial condition the 59Fe morphology in sea water, its concentration in sediment and phytoplankton, its distribution and metabolism in tissue organs of marine animals were studied. The results showed that the morphology of 59Fe was in a particulate state in sea water. The adsorption rule of 59Fe by three kinds of sediments was similar. The concentration ability of 59Fe by phytoplankton was very strong. The critical concentration organs of S9Fe by marine animals were viscera. The gross radioactivity of 59Fe was mainly concentrated in protein. The concentration factor of 59Fe by DNA was the highest one. After excretion experiment, 59Fe of all the tissue organs was not detected. Small part of59Fe remained in the organic acid and protein state. There was a redistribution process in sediment for59Fe.     

The impact of several chemical poisons on the absorbing 45Ca by the Arca granosa

The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic compounds of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg and so on, among which the inhibition of Cd was the strongest, next was that of Cu and Hg. But the inhibition of the absorption of 45Ca in the shell of Arca granosa was little. The impact of three kinds of energy metabolism inhibitory substances on the absorption of 45Ca by the Area granosa showed that the absorption was an active transfer process.     

Simulating Temporal Fluctuations of Real Estate Development in a Cellular Automata City

This research aims to understand the source of temporal fluctuations in real estate development through simulating a cellular automata model. In this cellular automata city, investment decisions are made according to the profitability measured in a local neighbourhood. If developers think there is enough of a profit margin in a particular site, i.e. a 'niche' of investment, they will increase investment at that site. However, by increasing investment at the site, new 'niches' might be created. Therefore, the action of converging towards an equilibrium state itself paves the way towards new fluctuations. This model demonstrates the potential of using simulation to increase our understanding of real estate dynamics. The experiments suggest that locally made 'rational' decisions can lead to temporal fluctuations because of non–linearity (discrete changes/densification and local bounded information). Interestingly, the fluctuations may show the property of a temporal fractal. This requires a sufficiently sensitive process of 'niche' formation compared with a relatively large impact of additional investment. The simulation suggests that the impact should be 4 to 20 times higher than the threshold over which a niche will be formed. This condition is satisfied in most cases of real estate investment, thus suggesting a self–organised criticality in complex real estate development.     

Emerging Chinese Cities: Implications for Global Urban Studies

Chinese cities are emerging in multiple senses: They have created new physical spaces to accommodate the fast urbanization of the country but have also developed new properties and characteristics along with urban transformation. The novelty created by emerging cities in China is not easily covered by Western urban theory. This article examines the dynamism of Chinese urban transformation, especially political economic changes vis-à-vis so-called neoliberalism, and spatial outcomes as diverse and contrasting spaces of formality and informality. Finally, this article speculates on implications for global urban studies.     

融雪洪水跳跃变异对其参数估计不确定性影响分析

利用Pettitt非参数检验法和Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验法,分析年最大洪峰流量序列的非一致性,确定序列的变异形式,采用“分解-合成”理论对其进行一致性修正,得到过去、现状两种条件下年最大洪峰流量序列,根据贝叶斯理论对序列一致性修正前后参数不确定性进行估计,并对其预报区间优良性进行评价。研究结果表明：年最大洪峰流量序列变异点发生在1993年,序列整体上升趋势不显著,在1957-1993年子序列呈显著下降趋势,而1994-2006年子序列变化趋势不显著,跳跃变异为序列主要变异形式;给出了实测、还原及还现序列参数后验分布估计值及95%置信区间,将其结合优化适线法进行P-Ⅲ型频率分析,得到修正前后设计频率年最大洪峰流量预报区间估计值;还原、还现序列与实测序列相比,预报区间覆盖率均提高24%,平均带宽分别减少39.59%、23.17%,平均偏移幅度分别减少28.45%、11.39%。通过对非一致性年最大洪峰流量序列还原/还现计算,可减小参数估计不确定性对其计算产生的影响,从而提高预报区间的可靠性。     

基于EMD组合模型的径流多尺度预测

受全球气候变化与人类活动影响,径流序列愈发呈现出非稳态与非线性特征,为降低由此而引发的预报误差,充分发挥不同模型对提高径流预测精度的优势,针对传统径流预报模型的单一性,以干旱区典型内陆河玛纳斯河为例,采用经验模态分解(EMD)提取径流序列中具有物理含义的信号,得到不同时间尺度的多个固有模态函数(IMF)及1个趋势项,利用 ARIMA模型与GRNN模型分别对不同时间尺度的IMF分量进行模拟,分析径流未来变化趋势。运用多元线性回归法、Spearman相关系数法、平均影响值法筛选大气环流因子作为神经网络模型的输入项,根据子序列的局部频率特点构建组合模型。最后将各IMF分量的预测结果重构,得到径流的最终预测值。单一评价指标无法全面评价模型精度,本文通过构建TOPSIS评价模型对径流预测模型进行定量评估,客观评价模型优度。结果表明:EMD分解能有效提取径流序列中隐含的多时间尺度信号,由趋势项可知玛纳斯河径流量总体呈上升趋势;EMD分解可提高ARIMA模型25%的合格率,但对于高频率分量IMF1、IMF2、IMF3,ARIMA模型的相对误差达到70%以上,预测结果不理想;经过筛选预报因子可有效提高GRNN模型精度,其中MIV法筛选的预报因子最适合玛纳斯河,与EMD-ARIMA组合后的GRNN模型的合格率最高,TOPSIS模型得分也最高。预测结果可作为水资源规划与调度的科学依据,建模思路也可为优化径流预测模型提供新途径。     

基于医疗联盟链的数据安全保护方法

随着互联网的飞速发展,医疗数据爆炸性增长,大量的医疗数据面临着安全共享问题.本文提出了一种基于医疗联盟链的数据安全保护方法,其中包括提出了一种安全认证与访问控制模型,并将查询逻辑分离存储技术引入该模型中,同时描述了基于医疗联盟链的认证凭据和访问权限数据的存储和访问.基于医疗联盟链的安全认证与访问控制模型包含了三个角色,第一角色是患者,第二角色是医护人员,第三角色是医疗联盟链.通过查询逻辑分离存储技术保护患者数据隐私,查询逻辑分离技术与医疗联盟链技术紧密结合,满足了不同医院之间医疗数据共享的需求,保障了患者的数据隐私和医护人员查阅数据的权限.     

西藏拉萨地块高镁超钾质火山岩及对南北向裂谷形成时间和切割深度的制约

青藏高原拉萨地块南北向裂谷中发育少量中新世高镁超钾质火山岩,岩石具有较高的SiO2含量(53%~50%),同时具有极高的K2O(7%~6%)、MgO(11%~8%)、Cr(500×10-6~400×10-6)、Ni(400×10-6~260×10-6)含量,较高的放射性成因87Sr/86Sr(0.7265~0.7199)、非放射性成因143Nd/144Nd(0.511844~0.511769)比值,δ18OVSMOW值较高,变化范围很大(10.4‰~6.4‰),其源区为加入了大量俯冲印度地壳的富集地幔。40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄指示他们喷发时代为17~13Ma。结合正断层与火山岩的切割与覆盖关系,指出高原正断层强烈活动时间为23~13Ma,持续了~10Ma,伸展速率为5.6±3.0mm/a。高镁超钾质火山岩与裂谷在时间上的一致和空间上的重合,指示高镁超钾质火山岩与裂谷的形成演化密切相关,高原裂谷系统的建立是由于俯冲印度地壳的断离造成的高原岩石圈的伸展破裂,其活动时期分为2个阶段,首先伴随高原隆升(23~13Ma),随后在重力作用下,促使高原垮塌(13Ma~现在)。     

Re-orientation of the city plan: Strategic planning and design competition in China

Rather than being abandoned along with the demise of the centrally planned economy, city planning as a profession is flourishing in China. New hybrid plans such as strategic development plans (concept plans) have been invented, and the planning procedure has become more flexible. Design competition and planning consultancy are widespread. This paper examines the development of new strategic development plans and design competition. It is argued that city planning has been re-orientated from a technical rationale, i.e. allocating state development projects to the city, to the imperative derived from market-oriented development, i.e. consolidating competitiveness during inter-city competition. The contradiction between market and planning is that while the status of city planning has been raised and its approach is becoming more strategic, the actual functionality of city planning has become more instrumental.