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1.
Singh et al (2005) examined the potential of the ANN and neuro-fuzzy systems application for the prediction of dynamic constant of rockmass.
However, the model proposed by them has some drawbacks according to fuzzy logic principles. This discussion will focus on
the main fuzzy logic principles which authors and potential readers should take into consideration. 相似文献
2.
There could be some discontinuities in a soil media such as layers, earth structures, cracks, and fissures so that estimation
of stresses and deformations in these types of soil masses are somewhat different from continuous masses. The discontinuities
in a soil mass could be considered as a special link between two blocks. Transmitted swelling pressures affected by the soil
properties of the backfill especially at the interface between the backfill and retaining wall. In order to estimate the transmitted
swelling pressure distribution behind a retaining wall, using with interface element, a new finite element model and a code
(SWELPRES) have been developed. To evaluate the effect of backfill characteristics and interface element from the transmitted
lateral swelling pressures, four cases of thickness of backfills with or without interface elements are investigated. 相似文献
3.
A simple parameter estimation procedure, designated as integration-based estimation (IBE), was introduced to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer using slug test models subjected to certain flow geometries such as radial and spherical flows. The basic idea behind the proposed IBE approach is to link an integration value at pre-defined normalized head levels for field data with that of a theoretical type curve. The IBE method removes the need for the implementation of the classical graphical matching process which would be ineffective to acquire aquifer parameters for non-ideal aquifer conditions. As the second aspect of this study, a new decision tool was suggested to determine the suitable slug test model to be utilized for the site data since diagnosing the flow character properly is of crucial importance for following a convenient analysis procedure. The estimation performance and limitation of the proposed IBE method were tested for several slug test scenarios including radial and spherical flow models with a number of synthetically generated data sets as well as a field application. Results reveal that the IBE together with the identification methodology not only is able to retrieve aquifer parameters as reliable as the existing techniques in the literature but also diagnoses the flow character precisely as demonstrated in this study. 相似文献
4.
C. Vigny J. Chéry T. Duquesnoy F. Jouanne J. Ammann M. Anzidei J.-P. Avouac F. Barlier R. Bayer P. Briole E. Calais F. Cotton F. Duquenne K. L. Feigl G. Ferhat M. Flouzat J.-F. Gamond A. Geiger A. Harmel M. Kasser M. Laplanche M. Le Pape J. Martinod G. Ménard B. Meyer J.-C. Ruegg J.-M. Scheubel O. Scotti G. Vidal 《Journal of Geodesy》2002,76(2):63-76
The Western Alps are among the best studied collisional belts with both detailed structural mapping and also crustal geophysical
investigations such as the ECORS and EGT seismic profile. By contrast, the present-day kinematics of the belt is still largely
unknown due to small relative motions and the insufficient accuracy of the triangulation data. As a consequence, several tectonic
problems still remain to be solved, such as the amount of N–S convergence in the Occidental Alps, the repartition of the deformation
between the Alpine tectonic units, and the relation between deformation and rotation across the Alpine arc. In order to address
these problems, the GPS ALPES group, made up of French, Swiss and Italian research organizations, has achieved the first large-scale
GPS surveys of the Western Alps. More than 60 sites were surveyed in 1993 and 1998 with a minimum observation of 3 days at
each site. GPS data processing has been done by three independent teams using different software. The different solutions
have horizontal repeatabilities (N–E) of 4–7 mm in 1993 and 2–3 mm in 1998 and compare at the 3–5-mm level in position and
2-mm/yr level in velocity. A comparison of 1993 and 1998 coordinates shows that residual velocities of the GPS marks are generally
smaller than 2 mm/yr, precluding a detailed tectonic interpretation of the differential motions. However, these data seem
to suggest that the N–S compression of the Western Alps is quite mild (less than 2 mm/yr) compared to the global convergence
between the African and Eurasian plate (6 mm/yr). This implies that the shortening must be accomodated elsewhere by the deformation
of the Maghrebids and/or by rotations of Mediterranean microplates. Also, E–W velocity components analysis supports the idea
that E–W extension exists, as already suggested by recent structural and seismotectonic data interpretation.
Received: 27 November 2000 / Accepted: 17 September 2001 相似文献
5.
Vizvári Béla Golabi Mahmoud Nedjati Arman Gümüşbuğa Ferhat Izbirak Gokhan 《Natural Hazards》2019,99(1):571-597
Natural Hazards - In this study, a relief system for a large metropolitan city exposed to serious earthquakes is designed and a top-down approach is applied. Afflicted people’s states and... 相似文献
6.
Laurentiu Danciu Karin Şeşetyan Mine Demircioglu Levent Gülen Mehdi Zare Roberto Basili Ata Elias Shota Adamia Nino Tsereteli Hilal Yalçın Murat Utkucu Muhammad Asif Khan Mohammad Sayab Khaled Hessami Andrea N. Rovida Massimiliano Stucchi Jean-Pierre Burg Arkady Karakhanian Hektor Babayan Mher Avanesyan Tahir Mammadli Mahmood Al-Qaryouti Doğan Kalafat Otar Varazanashvili Mustafa Erdik Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496
7.
Ömer Emre Tamer Y. Duman Selim Özalp Fuat Şaroğlu Şeyda Olgun Hasan Elmacı Tolga Çan 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3229-3275
We have updated the active fault map of Turkey and built its database within GIS environment. In the study, four distinct active fault types, classified according to geochronological criteria and character, were delineated on the 1:25,000 base map of Turkey. 176 fault segments not included in the former active fault map of Turkey, have been identified and documented. We infer that there are 485 single fault segments which are substantially potential seismic sources. In total 1964 active-fault base-maps were transferred into the GIS environment. Each fault was attributed with key parameters such as class, activity, type, length, trend, and attitude of fault plane. The fault parameters are also supported by slip-rate and seismogenic depth inferred from available GPS, seismological and paleoseismological data. Additionally, expected maximum magnitude for each fault segment was estimated by empirical equations. We present the database in a parametric catalogue of fault segments to be of interest in earthquake engineering and seismotectonics. The study provides essential geological and seismological inputs for regional seismic hazard analysis of all over Turkey and its vicinity. 相似文献
8.
The lower Mesozoic of the Traras mount starts with the so-called Red Series, which lays uncomformably on the folded and granitized Paleozoic basement. This series is overlain by Middle Liassic limestones. On the basis of its lower and upper limits and the lack of dating evidence, former authors attribute a Permian to lower Liassic (Sinemurian) age for this series. Palynological results allow to range it in the upper Triassic probably Norian-Rhetian. The Red Series is studied from five sections that depict important thickness and facies variations from southwest to the northeast, inferring the irregularities of the Hercynian erosional surface. In the Central Traras, this series shows over 130-m-thick micaceous sandy conglomeratic units, deposited within alluvial fans, where the bedrock source corresponds to granite of Nedroma or its equivalent. In the southern and eastern Traras, where the series’ thickness respectively does not exceed 30 m and averages 40–80 m, besides alluvial deposits issued from hercynian basement erosion, it exhibits volcanic evidences interbedded by lacustrine deposits. Vertical and spatial distribution depicts synsedimentary infilling of narrow elongated rift basins, typically half-grabens, bounded on one side by a normal fault or a series of normal faults trending NNE-SSW to NW-SE, inherited from the hercynian event. The study of tectonostratigraphic units permitted to put forward geodynamics of the infilling basins. 相似文献
9.
Ercan
zcan Gyrgy Less Mria Bldi-Beke Katalin Kollnyi Ferhat Acar 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(6):740-760
The marine Oligo-Miocene units of western Taurides, deposited under different tectonic regimes (in Bey Da?lar? platform in foreland and coeval sequences in hinterland), were studied to establish a high-resolution biostratigraphic framework. Biometric study of the full spectrum of larger foraminifera in a regional scale allowed us correlating them with the shallow benthic zonation (SBZ) system introduced by [Cahuzac, B., Poignant, A., 1997. Essai de biozonation de l’Oligo-Miocène dans les bassins européens à l’aide des grands foraminifères néritiques. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 168, 155–169], and to determine the ages of these sites on zonal precision for the first time. In correlating these assemblages to standard shallow benthic zones, planktonic data were also used whenever possible. Taxa, classified under the genera Nummulites, Miogypsina, Miolepidocyclina, Nephrolepidina, Eulepidina, Heterostegina, Operculina and Cycloclypeus (?) and their assemblages, closely resemble to the fauna described from European basins. These groups characterize the SBZ 22B to 25 zones referring to a time interval from early Chattian to Burdigalian. However, a main gap in late Chattian (SBZ 23) and in early part of the Aquitanian (SBZ 24) is also recorded in the platform succession. In the meantime, rare Eulepidina in the Burdigalian levels suggest a clear Indo-Pacific influence. Based on the discovery of early Chattian (SBZ 22B) deposits (previously mapped under Eocene/Miocene units), the Oligo-Miocene stratigraphy of the Bey Da?lar? platform is also revised. A more precise chronology for regional Miocene transgression is presented based on the miogypsinid evolutionary scale. 相似文献
10.