Reservoir timescales for anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere

Non-steady state timescales are complicated and their application to specific geophysical systems requires a common theoretical foundation. We first extend reservoir theory by quantifying the difference between turnover time and transit time (or residence time) for time-dependent systems under any mixing conditions. We explicitly demonstrate the errors which result from assuming these timescales are equal, which is only true at steady state. We also derive a new response function which allows the calculation of age distributions and timescales for well-mixed reservoirs away from steady state, and differentiate between timescales based on gross and net fluxes. These theoretical results are particularly important to tracer-calibrated "box models" currently used to study the carbon cycle, which usually approximate reservoirs as well-mixed. We then apply the results to the important case of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere, since timescales describing its behavior are commonly used but ambiguously defined. All relevant timescales, including lifetime, transit time, and adjustment time, are precisely defined and calculated from data and models. Apparent discrepancies between the current, empirically determined turnover time of 30-60 years and longer model-derived estimates of expected lifetime and adjustment time are explained within this theoretical framework. We also discuss the results in light of policy issues related to global warming, in particular since any comparisons of the "lifetimes" of different greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC's etc.) must use a consistent definition to be meaningful.     

复制千年金缕玉衣（续）

把玉片分别处理之后．按理说可以开始玉衣的修复工作了，但又遇到了玉衣大小的问题。这件玉衣大小尺幅怎么办？是大是小？因为玉衣已被盗墓拆散，玉衣片破碎较多．也不免丢失一些。如何处理玉衣大小．我们就把在发掘过程中采集的两死的骨髂请徐州医学院专家帮助鉴定．找出楚王的头骨、股骨等．测出其身高、年龄通过测试复原了这位楚王的形象。     

甘肃省疫情"目标人"监测系统研究

针对爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)重大疫情,提出一种基于地理信息系统(Geo-graphic Information System,GIS)和大数据技术的甘肃省疫情"目标人"监测系统.该系统基于移动运营商实时定位数据和天地图·甘肃地理信息服务平台,通过汇聚接入全省漫入重点人员定位数据,实现重点人员的实时位置监测和时间序列分析,准确把握重点人员的时空分布和发展趋势,为甘肃省新冠疫情的防控起到了辅助决策作用,有效解决了目标定位数据到决策人手中的最后一公里问题.     

空间视角下的哈长城市群健康状况监测与分析

城市群是新型城镇化的主体形态,是城市发展到成熟阶段的最高空间组织形式,已成为目前热议的话题.本文以哈长城市群为例,从水土等自然资源分布、产业发展空间布局、人口数量变化、交通状况、城市联系紧密度等角度,对哈长城市群健康状况进行综合分析,旨在为城市群的健康发展夯实数据基础,并提供有力的技术保障.     

水平定向钻穿越电力管束时管道受力及安全分析

水平定向钻进技术(HDD)在市政电力排管施工中得到普遍应用,由于电力管道施工过程中的多管组合回拖和压密注浆等施工特点,不仅使得回拖时的阻力增加,而且作用在管道外壁上的注浆压力同时会降低管道抗外压能力,与单根管道的回拖施工有明显差别。考虑多管组合回拖效应,利用管束的等效半径和管束与孔壁的等效摩擦系数,对常用的ASTM回拖力计算方法进行改进,使其更适用电力管道回拖力计算;同时将注浆压力作为管道所受外压力,分析注浆时管道的应力,从而保证管道回拖和注浆施工中的安全。     

Hepatic biomarkers of sediment-associated pollution in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L

Hatchery-reared turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) were exposed for 3 weeks, under laboratory conditions, to sediment collected from polluted sites in Cork Harbour and a reference site at Ballymacoda, Co. Cork, Ireland. The potential of surficial sediment for inducing hepatic biomarkers was assessed at two levels of biological organisation: expression of cytochrome P450 [Western blotting analysis and 7-ethoxy-resorufin O-dealkylase (EROD), 7-benzoxy resorufin O-dealkylase (BROD), 7-methoxy resorufin O-dealkylase (MROD), 7-pentoxy-resorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activities] and DNA integrity (Comet assay). Positive controls were generated, either by exposing turbot to cadmium chloride-spiked seawater (Comet assay) or to beta-naphthaflavone by intraperitoneal injection (cytochrome P450 induction). The induction of cytochrome P450 activity (EROD, MROD and PROD) in animals following a 7-day exposure to contaminated sediments was significantly higher than those exposed to reference site sediment and remained elevated thereafter; BROD was not induced. DNA single-strand breaks were also significantly higher following exposure to contaminated sediments throughout the experiment. Although no direct correlation between induction of alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities and a particular chemical class was established, the induction of MROD and PROD activities in fish exposed to sediments containing complex contaminant mixtures, appeared to be more sensitive than conventional EROD activity assays. We conclude from the present laboratory study that S. maximus is a suitable sentinel species for the assessment of moderately contaminated sediments and therefore allows for the further development of this model for future, ecologically relevant, field studies.     

基于SE-Mask-RCNN建筑遗产识别与空间可视化分析

传统建筑是中国宝贵的建筑遗产,承载着优秀的民族建筑文化,是反映城市特色风貌的重要指标。现阶段深度学习识别建筑物的技术相对成熟,但使用街景图片识别建筑遗产并进行地图可视化展示的研究较少,因此,本研究基于Mask-RCNN(mask region-based convolutional neural network)模型,融合SE(squeeze and excitation)注意力机制,提出一种基于SE-Mask-RCNN识别街景图片中建筑遗产的方法。首先,通过路网数据获取百度街景图片,制作数据集。其次,在模型的残差网络（residual network,ResNet）中引入SE注意力机制;并与已有相关方法 U-net(u-shaped network)、全卷积网络（fully convolutional network,FCN）、Mask-RCNN三种模型进行实验对比评价。最后,使用本方法识别研究区域内的街景图片,形成可视化地图,分析建筑遗产在空间上的分布情况。结果表明,本方法可以有效识别城市中的建筑遗产,识别结果较Mask-RCNN、U-Net、FCN模型分别提高了2%、3.1%、4...     

从瘀毒理论探讨糖尿病肾病的分期论治

糖尿病肾病（DKD）是糖尿病重要的微血管并发症之一,目前西医基础治疗结合中医病因病机及分期论治取得了较好的临床疗效。中医学认为,DKD早期以脾肾亏虚为本,导致气阴两虚兼内热,瘀血内生;继而毒邪内蕴,瘀毒互结,损伤肾络;久则耗伤正气,肾损严重。本文从瘀毒理论出发,系统阐述DKD病因病机,并结合临床研究,提出根据瘀毒程度及病情轻重分期论治DKD：早期宜益气养阴,清热活血;中期可化瘀通络,降浊解毒;晚期则解毒扶正,化瘀消癥。本文通过从瘀毒理论深入探讨DKD的分期论治,望为DKD患者蛋白尿和肾脏损伤治疗提供更多思路。