地球的脉动和现阶段的扩展

脉动理论是本世纪初提出来的，最近该理论又得到了进一步的完善和发展，它可以更好地解释构造，岩浆，海平面变化，沉积作用之间的关系。地球的脉动以下列形式表现：火山作用强度，海进一步海退升，降旋回，挤压与扩展的交替、地磁场特征的变化等。     

GIS的设计和开发

计算机辅助资源信息系统（ＣＡＲＩＳ）是一个以矢量为基础的，商品化的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ），它在ＮｅｗＢｒｕｎｓｗｉｃｋ大不测量工程系已扩充了栅格数据处理的功能。这种混合式的ＧＩＳ具有完整的栅格影像／矢量图形显示，供两种数据类型的交互式操作，栅格影像的命令包括波段选择，像元素值和直方图的显示，反差增强，彩色空间变换，微分增量几何校正，屏幕上数字化和训练统计量的产生，对于计算上强度大的操作和大型栅格数     

以时间和震级预报模型为基础的北太平洋地震区的长期地震预报

本文使用下列关系式测定和估计和沿北太平洋地震区１２个震源的强和大的浅层主震重现间隔：ｌｏｇＴ：＝０．３０Ｍｍｉｎ＋０．１５Ｍｐ－０．２７ｌｏｇＭ０＋５．２４ Ｍｔ＝１．０５Ｍｍｉｎ－０．４７Ｍｐ＋０．６０ｌｏｇｍＯ－１２．３９其中Ｔｔ为事件间隔时间，按年数测量；Ｍｍｉｎ为所考虑最小主震的面波震级；Ｍｐ为前一个主震的震级；Ｍｆ为后面跟着发生的主震震级；Ｍ０为每年每个震海的矩率。Ｔｔ对Ｍ     

Biodegradation and environmental behavior of biodiesel mixtures in the sea: An initial study

Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derived from animal fats or vegetable oils, is rapidly moving towards the mainstream as an alternative source of energy. However, the behavior of biodiesel, or blends of biodiesel with fossil diesel, in the marine environment have yet to be fully understood. Hence, we performed a series of initial laboratory experiments and simple calculations to evaluate the microbial and environmental fate of FAMEs. Aerobic seawater microcosms spiked with biodiesel or mixtures of biodiesel and fossil diesel revealed that the FAMEs were degraded at roughly the same rate as n-alkanes, and more rapidly than other hydrocarbon components. The residues extracted from these different microcosms became indistinguishable within weeks. Preliminary results from physical-chemical calculations suggest that FAMEs in biodiesel mixtures will not affect the evaporation rates of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons but may stabilize oil droplets in the water column and thereby facilitate transport.     

Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches

To understand the spatial variation in concentrations and compositions of organic micropollutants in marine plastic debris and their sources, we analyzed plastic fragments (∼10 mm) from the open ocean and from remote and urban beaches. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alkylphenols and bisphenol A were detected in the fragments at concentrations from 1 to 10,000 ng/g. Concentrations showed large piece-to-piece variability. Hydrophobic organic compounds such as PCBs and PAHs were sorbed from seawater to the plastic fragments. PCBs are most probably derived from legacy pollution. PAHs showed a petrogenic signature, suggesting the sorption of PAHs from oil slicks. Nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and PBDEs came mainly from additives and were detected at high concentrations in some fragments both from remote and urban beaches and the open ocean.     

The process of spatial concentration of population (with particular reference to the RSFSR)

The author provides an analysis of trends in population distribution for selected areas of the Soviet Union. Changes in the degree of population concentration in the Russian SFSR are examined within various economic regions and micro-regions, and factors contribution to population decline are discussed     

Epizooic metazoan meiobenthos associated with tubeworm and mussel aggregations from cold seeps of the northern Gulf of Mexico

The abundance and higher taxonomic composition of epizooic metazoan meiobenthic communities associated with mussel and tubeworm aggregations of hydrocarbon seeps at Green Canyon, Atwater Valley, and Alaminos Canyon in depths between 1400 and 2800?m were studied and compared to the infaunal community of non-seep sediments nearby. Epizooic meiofaunal abundances of associated meiobenthos living in tubeworm bushes and mussel beds at seeps were extremely low (usually <100?ind. 10?cm(-2)), similar to epizooic meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and the communities were composed primarily of nematodes, copepods, ostracods, and halacarids. In contrast, epizooic meiobenthic abundance is lower than previous studies have reported for infauna from seep sediments. Interestingly, non-seep sediments contained higher abundances and higher taxonomic diversity than epizooic seep communities, although in situ primary production is restricted to seeps.