斯威士兰古老片麻岩杂岩中早太古代英云闪长质片麻岩内发育的多期锆石

用离子探针确定的U-P_b年龄揭示了,古老片麻杂岩的英云闪长质片麻岩的单个样品中,多期铬石的生长和重结晶。3644±4Ma的最老时期,产生了占优势的锆石类型,该锆石具有特征的褐色,呈块状结构,这可能为原始岩中沉淀的未蚀变铬石。与早期Pb损耗伴随的重结晶作用发生在350±6Ma和343±8Ma的最老颗粒中。全部新颗粒也在这些时间内生长。我们把3644Ma后发育的锆石解释为是由于插入的变形和变质事件的结果,这些事件使英云闪长岩侵入体变成了叶理化条带状的片麻岩。此外,许多颗粒明显地被两层不同颜色和结构,年龄2986±20Ma和2867±30Ma的更新锆石所附生。具2986Ma年龄的自形的、细带状的完整颗粒也是存在的,明显和附近的Lochiel花岗岩伴生的非常细的长英脉有关。3644±4Ma的年龄,和别处报道的Qnverwacht群的近地表火成岩准确锆石U-P_b资料结合,证明至少部分片麻岩杂岩,要比巴伯顿绿岩带老。     

南印度Chitradurga绿岩层序和晚太古盆地的演化

南印度Chitradurga序列的原岩为巨厚(约10km)的火山熔岩及陆源碎屑沉积岩,其变质相为绿片岩相到低角闪岩相。在片麻岩基底上同时形成了古老的近岸克拉通边缘沉积岩序列及远岸双峰火山序列。火山岩被交代蚀变,按现在板块构造观点,常量元素、微量元素及微量元素数据难以鉴别这些变火山岩。后期粗屑浊积岩序列覆盖在这些老的沉积序列之上,没有产生明显的构造作用或侵蚀间隔。序列中所有岩石发生相似的变形,并有后期同构造花岗岩(约2.5Ga)侵入到岩层中。本文认为,在陆壳内简单的水平拗陷最初只是作为地台型沉积物被动接受区,而后在其中发育了沿张性断裂分布的一系列火山岩。该盆地的形成与应力作用并无任何关系。在众多火山岩群附近的Chitradurga盆地下陷以及片麻岩古基底的上升,则为后期的沉积岩序列的演变提供了深部构造环境,这些序列覆盖在实际上并没有变形的古老的沉积层之上。在挤压作用下,伴随后期构造作用产生的花岗岩的侵入(约2.5Ga),最终使盆地抬升,盆地也逐渐消亡了。可以说,在Chrtradurga盆地的演化过程中,以及到最终的造山运动,它与板块构造作用(威尔逊旋回的关系不明显)。     

塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪-奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化

塔里木盆地北部坳陷是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上发育起来的大陆裂谷盆地,始于早震旦世,结束于晚奥陶世.裂谷的轴部自西向东由阿瓦提凹陷、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷(包括库鲁克塔格南区)组成,向东延伸到罗布泊以东地区.裂谷轴部与地幔隆起带和高磁异常带相对应.裂谷东部主要以半深海-深海相的浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和笔石页岩为特征,裂谷西部和翼部则以浅水盆地相和台地相的碳酸盐为特征.裂谷早期的火山岩主要分布于中东部的切谷内,具有双峰式火山岩的特征,玄武岩属低硅高钛富碱型.据区域动力学背景、沉积特征、沉降速率,将裂谷演化划分为幼年期,成年期和衰亡期3个阶段.     

Enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere of Spartina maritima: potential contribution for phytoremediation of metals

Extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) of five enzymes (peroxidase, phenol oxidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) was analysed in sediments colonised by Spartina maritima in two salt marshes (Rosário and Pancas) of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) with different characteristics such as sediment parameters and metal contaminant levels. Our aim was a better understanding of the influence of the halophyte on microbial activity in the rhizosphere under different site conditions, and its potential consequences for metal cycling and phytoremediation in salt marshes. Acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase presented significantly higher EEA in Rosário than in Pancas, whereas the opposite occurred for peroxidase. This was mainly attributed to differences in organic matter between the two sites. A positive correlation between root biomass and EEA of hydrolases (beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) was found, indicating a possible influence of the halophyte in sediment microbial function. This would potentially affect metal cycling in the rhizosphere through microbial reactions.     

陆内碰撞韧性剪切带的变形和应变模式——高喜马拉雅山加华尔的实例

高喜马拉雅加华尔变质带似乎已在宽15～20km,北东倾斜上冲型韧性剪切带内逐渐形成。此带是由于印度板块内,新生代大陆碰撞过程中陆内地壳收缩形成的。在四个不同的重要变形幕中,最广的D_2变形幕的标志是斜卧和平卧褶皱f_2,显著的轴面叶理S_2,共轴的北东向倾伏的L_2拉伸线理和同构造生长的标志变质矿物等。这些变形构造是在SW向D_2韧性剪切带变形过程中形成的,而与S_2叶理及逆冲断层的产状无关。采用石英颗粒和集合体的RS/φ数据,可得到中央主冲断层(MCT)及中央结晶带之下的小喜马拉雅山加华尔组石英岩的区域应变模式,并揭示出,在宽广的韧性剪切带的狭窄糜棱岩带中有限应变(?)达到最大值。在其后D_2和D_3变形幕中,包括MCT的冲断岩席的产生适应了缩短作用,并且Jafagh冲断面与糜棱岩和最大应变面相一致。在更高的层位,韧性剪切带变成挤压的脆—韧性带,并导致了小喜马拉雅冲断岩席向南移动期间产生了倾向南西的F_3a和F_3b褶皱。     

Can PAHs influence Cu accumulation by salt marsh plants?

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may change the mechanisms of metal uptake, thus influencing kinetics and extent of metal phytoextraction. Studies on the subject are scarce, particularly for salt marsh plants. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of PAHs on the uptake of Cu by Halimione portulacoides, a plant commonly found in salt marshes. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory, either in hydroponics (sediment elutriate) or in sediment soaked in elutriate, which were prepared with sediment and water from a salt marsh of the Cavado river estuary (NW Portugal). Groups of H. portulacoides (grown in a greenhouse) were exposed to those media during six days. Cu(2+) (as Cu(NO(3))(2)), 10(2) and 10(4)mugl(-1), was added to the media as well as 1.6mugl(-1) of the sixteen EPA priority PAHs (0.1mugl(-1) of each PAHs). Cu was assayed in solutions, sediments and different plant tissues before and after experiments. After exposure, photosynthetic efficiency and levels of chlorophylls were also measured, indicating that plant stress indicators were identical in all plants independently of the media to which the plants were exposed. PAHs influenced both the soluble Cu fraction and Cu uptake by plants. The amounts of metal accumulated in both roots and stems were significantly higher when the 10(4)mugl(-1) of Cu enriched elutriate was amended with PAHs. Thus, results suggest that PAHs may modify Cu solubility, the Cu sorption by plants and/or the passive penetration of Cu into the root cells. Therefore, the combined effects of different types of pollutants should be taken in consideration when studying the remediation potential of plants, namely in terms of phytoextraction.     

英吉苏凹陷中-新生代背驮式前陆盆地构造特征及成因机制

英吉苏中新生代凹陷是在古生代逆冲推覆构造背景之上发育起来的背驮式前陆盆地.盆地的沉积作用和变形作用严格受基底参与的逆冲断层的控制.中新生代构造由北向南可划分七个带北部斜坡带;群克-新开屏背斜带;英北向斜带;阿拉干背斜带;英南向斜带;古城墟斜坡带和罗布庄断凸带.叠瓦式逆冲断层、冲起构造、构造三角带、断展褶皱和披覆构造是英吉苏凹陷的主要变形样式.自三叠纪以来,不同时期的沉积中心自造山带向前陆方向迁移.中新生界变形的动力学和运动学是与塔里木板块南缘活动大陆边缘的板块拼贴事件和壳内拆离缩短作用有关.     

Influence of multiple stressors on the auto-remediation processes occurring in salt marshes

Due to increasing global population, salt marshes have been subjected to multiple stressors such as increasing nutrient loadings and historical contamination. In order to better understand how does the salt marsh plants auto-remediation capacity (phytoaccumulation of metals) is affected by cultural eutrophication, an experiment was performed under controlled conditions. Plants were exposure to equal metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, and Ni - micronutrients, and Cd - class B metal) simulating historical contamination and three different concentrations of nitrogen (nitrate) simulating steps of cultural eutrophication. According to our study, under the tested concentrations, cultural eutrophication does not seem to affect Zn, Cu and Ni phytoremediation of H. portulacoides, but the ecosystem service of Cd phytoremediation seems to be promoted. Nevertheless, Cd high toxicity and bioaccumulation should be taken into account, as well as the vulnerability of salt marsh ecosystems, whose reduction will have drastic consequences to the ecosystem health.