NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF HAIL CLOUD—PART Ⅰ:THE NUMERICAL MODEL

In order to study mechanisms of hailstone formation and hail suppression with seeding and toobtain optimum seeding technique for hail cloud,a 3-D compressive numerical seeding model forhail cloud is developed.The water substance in hail cloud is divided into 8 categories,i.e.,watervapor,cloud droplet,raindrop,ice crystal,snow.graupel,frozen drop and hail,and the detailedmicrophysical processes are described in a spectrum with two variable parameters and morereasonable particle number/size distributions.Then,the model is able to predict concentration andwater content of various particles.Especially.it can calculate the number of hailstones whosecores are graupel or frozen drop and apply to study mechanism of hailstone formation.Additionally,a conservative equation of AgI as seeding or glacigenous agent is found andnucleation by condensation of artificial nucleus,and nucleation by freezing of cloud droplet or raindrop which contact with AgI particle are considered.The dynamic energy flux of hail shooting onground is used to verify seeding effect.Therefore the model is also used to study mechanism of hailsuppression with seeding and the seeding technique,     

基于DEM与可见光图像的机载激光成像雷达强度像仿真

激光成像雷达由于能获取目标的距离信息,因而在飞行器制导、避障、机器人导航等方面有广泛的应用前景.这里的研究目的是根据激光成像雷达成像原理进行雷达反射强度像的仿真.在仿真过程中,首先讨论激光成像雷达的强度成像方程,然后分析机载激光成像雷达的扫描成像模型.由机载激光成像雷达扫描成像模型与数字高程模型(DEM)获取成像几何关系,由与高程图配准好的可见光图像来获取目标地物的反射特性,从而获得仿真的激光雷达反射强度像;由于激光在大气中传输时不可避免地要损失,在仿真计算中考虑到激光在大气中传输时大气对激光的消光系数,因而使仿真更加逼近客观实际成像结果.从仿真的反射强度图像看,结果很理想.仿真的强度图像成功地用于激光成像雷达强度像与可见光图像的匹配导航中.