潜水器浮力调节技术发展现状与展望

作为潜水器(Submersible Vehicle, SV)的可压载单元,取代升沉方向的推进器,浮力调节系统在SV无动力升沉、定深控制和姿态调整等方面具有重要作用。结合国内外典型SV,介绍了几种浮力调节方法,并对比分析了其技术性能与优缺点。重点阐述了一种新型的、基于压力补偿的浮力调节系统的工作原理。在此基础上,展望了潜水器浮力调节技术的发展趋势,为研发大潜深、低能耗、高精度的浮力调节系统提供参考。     

微体化石在地层识别中的几个实例

微体化石在解决地层的归属问题上发挥了重大作用,根据新发现的几丁虫将苏泰103井的"上震旦统陡山沱组"、都4井的"中下侏罗统象山群"、葛9井的"葛村组"地层修改归属于志留系,纠正了以前的错误地质结论。在草9井的钻进过程中,根据孢粉化石确定已钻至浦口组,推测油气目的层已钻过或缺失,提前473.03m终孔,节省了钻井费用,创造了无形产值。     

下扬子区海相油气成藏特征

下扬子区从晚震旦世开始至中三叠世沉积了三套巨厚的海相烃源岩系，即上震旦统一上奥陶统、石炭系一二叠系、下三叠统海相烃源岩。三套烃源岩热演化特点不同，下古生界烃源岩经历了加里东、印支——燕山期构造阶段的热演化，已达过成熟干气阶段；上古生界烃源岩基本处于生油阶段晚期；大部分三叠系烃源岩处于成熟生油阶段，少数处于未成熟阶段。全区海相油气储盖条件发育，配置有利，具有良好的找油气前景。     

Nozzle Optimization for Water Jet Propulsion with A Positive Displacement Pump

In the water jet propulsion system with a positive displacement (PD) pump, the nozzle, which converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, is one of the key parts exerting great influence on the reactive thrust and the efficiency of the system due to its high working pressure and easily occurring cavitation characteristics. Based on the previous studies of the energy loss and the pressure distribution of different nozzles, a model of water jet reactive thrust, which fully takes the energy loss and the nozzle parameters into consideration, is developed to optimize the nozzle design. Experiments and simulations are carried out to investigate the reactive thrust and the conversion efficiency of cylindrical nozzles, conical nozzles and optimized nozzles. The results show that the optimized nozzles have the largest reactive thrust and the highest energy conversion efficiency under the same inlet conditions. The related methods and conclusions are extended to the study of other applications of the water jet, such as water jet cutting, water mist fire suppression, water injection molding.     

北汉庄油田防砂技术研究

疏松砂岩油藏是国内较普遍的一种油藏类型,储层胶结疏松,出砂严重,给该油田开发带来了一定的困难。通过对北汉庄油田出砂原因的分析,提出了试油生产中应采取的具体防砂技术措施和对策,如柏据油藏具体情况,开展开裂防砂工艺的现场实验以及采用石英砂或陶粒砂进行防砂堵水。     

Nozzle optimization for water jet propulsion with a positive displacement pump

In the water jet propulsion system with a positive displacement （PD） pump, the nozzle, which converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, is one of the key parts exerting great influence on the reactive thrust and the efficiency of the system due to its high working pressure and easily occurring cavitation characteristics. Based on the previous studies of the energy loss and the pressure distribution of different nozzles, a model of water jet reactive thrust, which fully takes the energy loss and the nozzle parameters into consideration, is developed to optimize the nozzle design. Experiments and simulations are carried out to investigate the reactive thrust and the conversion efficiency of cylindrical nozzles, conical nozzles and optimized nozzles. The results show that the optimized nozzles have the largest reactive thrust and the highest energy conversion efficiency under the same inlet conditions. The related methods and conclusions are extended to the study of other applications of the water jet, such as water jet cutting, water mist fire suppression, water injection molding.