祁连山中部祁连圆柏生长与更新方式的树轮记录

选择祁连山中部50m×15m的祁连圆柏样方进行树轮生态学取样与分析。分析结果表明,样方内大部分祁连圆柏的树龄小于250年,最近几年有大量幼苗萌生。祁连圆柏的径生长方式各有异同,大部分祁连圆柏在生长过程中出现1次以上生长释放事件,1970¹980年间出现生长释放的频率最高,占总释放次数的35%,轮宽年表也显示祁连圆柏的轮宽指数自1970s以来持续上升。另外,相关分析结果表明,温度是影响采样点区域祁连圆柏径向生长的主要环境因子,较高的温度有利于树木生长,6、7月份的降水也与树木径向生长呈显著正相关。在全球变暖的背景下,如果能积极开展植树造林,并有效控制人类活动的干扰,该区域祁连圆柏林更新状况将会显著改观。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

长额虾总科分类系统学研究概况及我国长额虾总科研究展望

１长额虾总科简介长额虾总科 (Ｐａｎｄａｌｏｉｄｅａ)属节肢动物门甲壳动物软甲亚纲十足目腹胚亚目真虾次目 ,包括长额虾科(Ｐａｎｄａｌｉｄａｅ)和小海虾科（Ｔｈａｌａｓｓｏｃａｒｉｄｉｄａｅ）两个科。该类群动物体多侧扁 ;头胸部比例较对虾总科者大 ,头胸甲发达 ,完全包被头胸部各体节 ;额角发达而长 ,某些种类额角极长 ;第一触角多具柄刺 ,第二触角鳞片发达 ;眼有柄 ;大颚具臼齿和门齿 ,大颚须通常３节 ;胸部附肢特化为颚足与步足 ,其中颚足３对 ,步足５对 ,第二颚足具７节 ,末节侧面附在第六节上 ,第三颚足具有或不具有外肢 ,第…     

Assessing benthic ecological status in stressed Liaodong Bay (China) with AMBI and M-AMBI

Rapid economic development in recent decades has resulted in environmental degradation of Liaodong Bay, North China, where eutrophication is becoming more evident because of excess nutrients inputs. To assess the benthic ecological status in Liaodong Bay, AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and multivariate-AMBI (M-AMBI) were applied using both benthic macroinvertebrate density and biomass data collected from Liaodong Bay in July 2007. This first application of AMBI and M-AMBI in Liaodong Bay showed that the nearshore areas of the bay, especially near river estuaries, were severely disturbed, with a clear gradient of disturbance decreasing seaward. Ecological status assessed from density and biomass data was quite similar. Significant relationships were also found between both indices and environmental variables in Liaodong Bay. Moreover, the spatial distributions of both AMBI and M-AMBI matched those of plotted eutrophication indices (EI) in the surface water layer, and significant linear correlations were found between both benthic indices and EI. In general, both AMBI and M-AMBI worked well on assessing the ecological status of Liaodong Bay under eutrophication stress due to excess nutrients inputs.     

白洋淀围隔中不同生物组合调控水质实验

在白洋淀建成10个原位围隔,研究穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)和圆顶珠蚌+金鱼藻等不同生物组合在调控水体富营养化方面的效能与稳定性.在围隔中,分别种(投)入密度为10株/m2穗花狐尾藻、20株/m2金鱼藻、195 g/m2圆顶珠蚌和20株/m2金鱼藻+195 g/m2圆顶珠蚌.结果表明,穗花狐尾藻和金鱼藻能有效控制浮游植物的生物量,并改善水体透明度,使水体中总氮含量和总磷含量明显下降,透明度增加,浮游植物多样性明显增加,水体富营养化指数明显下降;圆顶珠蚌对水体中的总氮、总磷和叶绿素a有一定的去除作用,但对水体透明度、氨氮含量和营养状态影响不大;金鱼藻和圆顶珠蚌组合的水体净化效果要优于单一种植金鱼藻和穗花狐尾藻.     

长江口大型底栖动物群落的演变过程及原因探讨

根据近30年来的长江口大型底栖动物群落的历史资料,以及2009年和2010年的现场调查数据,从长江口底栖动物群落结构变化特征出发,分析了其长期演变的过程和规律,旨在阐明底栖动物群落的演变趋势,识别其重要演变时段。同时结合长江口海域近50~60年来的入海径流量和携沙量变化、营养盐和DO等水质特征变化,分析底栖动物群落的变化原因。分析结果表明,长江口底栖生物群落的变化可大体分为3个阶段,第一阶段是20世纪90年代之前,底栖生物群落无论物种数、生物量都维持相对较高的水平;第二阶段发生在20世纪90年代初至2005年,由于受到气候变化和人类活动的综合影响,底栖生物群落的上述指标都有所降低,表明受到自然和人为因素干扰的加剧;第三阶段是2005年之后至现在,由于长江口水域的各项生态环境保护措施加强,底栖生物群落得到一定程度的恢复。通过对长江口海域各种环境因素的分析表明,底栖生物群落变化受到长江口区域生物因素和非生物因素的共同影响,变化趋势也与环境因素的变化比较吻合。     

南黄海春秋季大型底栖动物分布现状

根据 2 0 0 0年 1 0月和 2 0 0 1年 3月在 1 2 1°— 1 2 5°E、33°— 36°N海域范围内的 1 7个取样站采集的 482号采泥样品和 5 4 6号拖网样品共计 2 72种动物 ,经实验室鉴定、称重、计数、计算 ,分析研究了南黄海海域大型底栖动物在春季和秋季的分布状况。结果表明 ,在 2 72种大型底栖生物中 ,多毛类 84种 ,软体动物 76种 ,甲壳动物 83种 ,棘皮动物 2 9种。从分析结果看 ,春季和秋季大型底栖生物的栖息密度没有明显的差异 ,而生物量却变化很大 ,秋季的生物量远高于春季。这与底栖生物在春季繁殖 ,多为幼体或低龄个体 ,而秋季基本长大成熟有关。与 1 95 9— 1 960年的全国海洋综合调查对南黄海底栖生物的调查结果比较 ,表明当前该海域大型底栖生物的分布格局和生态学特点没有根本的改变 ,但春季的生物量较 1 95 9年低     

基于底栖生物指数的辽东湾生态质量状况评价

以2007年7月辽东湾近岸海域获取的大型底栖动物样品和环境参数数据为基础,首次将W-statistic应用于该海域的生态质量状况评价,并结合Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数及底栖生物完整性指数的评价结果全面分析其生态质量状况。结果表明,大多数离岸海域取样点的生态环境质量状况以轻度干扰为主,而北部河口区(如大辽河口、双台子河口)则以重度干扰为主,且沿河口区向外有明显的空间梯度。这跟入海河流携带大量的营养盐入湾从而导致河口区富营养化程度较高有关。各指数均能较为敏感地响应富营养化的空间梯度变化,且与富营养化指数显著相关;同时,3个指数之间呈显著的相关关系,能辨析北岸河口区组与近岸海域组的大型底栖动物群落显著性差异,适用于评价辽东湾的生态质量状况。     

春季长江口及毗邻海域浮游动物空间分布及与环境因子的关系

于2009年4月15～23日在长江口及其邻近海域进行了32个站位的浮游动物生态调查,分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、丰度和生物量的空间分布,并利用PRIMER生物统计学软件中的PCA、BIOENV和RELATE程序分析了浮游动物与环境因子的关系.共发现浮游动物成体72种,浮游幼虫9种,合计种类数为81.中华哲水蚤(C...     

Assessing benthic ecological status in coastal area near Changjiang River estuary using AMBI and M-AMBI

The Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary has been subject to a variety of anthropogenic pressures in recent decades. To assess the ecological health of the coastal benthic ecosystem adjacent to the estuary, three surveys were conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2010. The AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate-AMBI （M-AMBI） were used to analyse the benthic ecological status of this coast. The AMBI indicate that the ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary was only slightly degraded in all 3 years. In contrast, the M-AMBI indicated that the ecological status was seriously degraded, a result that is most likely due to pollution and eutrophication induced by human activities. The assessment of the coast＇s ecological status by the AMBI was not in agreement with that of the M-AMBI at some stations because of lower biodiversity values at those sites. The analysis of the two indices integrated with abiotic parameters showed that the M-AMBI could be used as a suitable bio-indicator index to assess the benthic ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary. The reference conditions proposed for the coast of the Changjiang River estuary should be further evaluated in future studies. Designation of local species could also provide an important reference for Chinese waters. To improve the reliability of AMBI and M-AMBI, further research into the ecology of local species is required to understand their arrangement in ecological groups.