云开地区变质沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

华夏陆块西南部云开地块变质杂岩主要由天堂山岩群和云开群以及古生代花岗质岩石组成。天堂山岩群主要由片麻岩、变粒岩、石英岩等岩石组成,变质程度较深;云开群主要由片岩、板岩、千枚岩、变质砂岩等岩石组成。应用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb微区定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析以及全岩地球化学分析方法,本文对天堂山岩群和云开群变质沉积岩进行了研究。在阴极发光图像中,变质沉积岩的锆石显示岩浆震荡环带,但普遍遭受重结晶改造及存在变质增生边。由于变质增生边普遍较窄,U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析几乎都在具岩浆环带和重结晶结构的成分域上完成的。具岩浆环带和重结晶结构的成分域的Th/U比值普遍大于0.1。年龄变化从3000~500Ma,但主要集中在600~1200Ma之间,主峰值为960Ma左右。碎屑锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值在-25.6~15.4之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄在972~4496Ma之间。全岩地球化学分析显示LREE富集,HREE亏损,具有较明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.55~0.71),天堂山岩群与云开群REE配分模式一致,反映源区物质相似,主要来源于花岗质地壳物质。结合前人研究成果,可得出如下结论:天堂山岩群与云开群形成时代没有明显差别,虽然它们在变质变形方面存在较明显区别;天堂山岩群和云开群沉积时代为古生代早期-新元古代;格林威尔期岩浆岩为主要物源区,新元古代时期华夏陆块处于格林威尔造山带内与之相邻;华夏陆块存在太古宙古老陆壳。     

Genesis types of the Neoproterozoic Molar tooth structures in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning provinces and its research significances

Molar tooth (briefly called MT) carbonate is one of the Proterozoic carbonates with enigmatic sedimentary structure. According to the morphology of MT, it can be divided into two main genesis-morphology types, i.e., autochthonous and allochthonous, and each type can be further divided into a series of subtypes. The autochthonous MT can be divided into filamentous (MF1), ribbon, nodular and dotted type (MF4), in which the ribbon one can be subdivided into simple vertical (MF2) and complex ribbon (MF3), broken ribbon by storm in situ (MF5) and MT within nodular limestone (MF6). Allochthonous MT includes conglomerate clasts and horizontal detritus. Studying on the links between MT and the host rocks on five stratigraphic sections in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning indicates that the morphology of MT is closely related to host rocks, and seven genetic types by relationships between MT and the host rocks with facies interpretations are classified and discussed in this paper. The sedimentary environments of MT formation will be diverse if their morphologies are different.

     

Genesis types of the Neoproterozoic Molar tooth structures in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning provinces and its research significances

Molar tooth (briefly called MT) carbonate is one of the Proterozoic carbonates with enigmatic sedimentary structure. According to the morphology of MT, it can be divided into two main genesis-morphology types, i.e., autochthonous and allochthonous, and each type can be further divided into a series of subtypes. The autochthonous MT can be divided into filamentous (MF1), ribbon, nodular and dotted type (MF4), in which the ribbon one can be subdivided into simple vertical (MF2) and complex ribbon (MF3), broken ribbon by storm in situ (MF5) and MT within nodular limestone (MF6). Allochthonous MT includes conglomerate clasts and horizontal detritus. Studying on the links between MT and the host rocks on five stratigraphic sections in the southeastern Jilin and eastern Liaoning indicates that the morphology of MT is closely related to host rocks, and seven genetic types by relationships between MT and the host rocks with facies interpretations are classified and discussed in this paper. The sedimentary environments of MT formation will be diverse if their morphologies are different.     

桂北地区南华系沉积物源分析——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

江南造山带西南部是扬子克拉通新元古代地层发育较完整的地区之一。其中,桂北地区的南华系地层自下而上依次为:长安组、富禄组、大塘坡组和黎家坡组,沉积厚度从几十米到几千米不等,总体趋势是西厚东薄。本文对长安组、富禄组、黎家坡组的5个样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试。其中长安组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄存在一个峰值,峰值区间为724~972Ma之间,最年轻的年龄加权平均值为746±5Ma(n=19),指示南华系长安组沉积年龄可能介于746~780Ma之间;富禄组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄有三个峰值,主峰为705~936Ma,两个次峰分别为1823~2163Ma和2241~2673Ma之间;黎家坡组下部121109-3样品的碎屑锆石主峰值为1966~2118Ma,两个次峰为724~921Ma和2221~2688Ma;中部121109-4样品碎屑锆石主峰值为1813~2192Ma,两个次峰为748~944Ma和2296~2726Ma;上部121109-5样品碎屑锆石主峰值为1984~2193Ma,两个次峰为653~1007Ma和2215~2675Ma。桂北地区南华系长安组、富禄组、黎家坡组5个样品的年龄峰值区间相近,但主峰和次峰有明显的区别,反映了三个组沉积地层主要物源可能来自不同的地区,并经历了不同的沉积环境。碎屑锆石年龄分布特征反映了在653~1007Ma之间扬子克拉通东南缘、江南造山带西南部的桂北地区有强烈的岩浆活动,可能与Rodinia超大陆的聚合和裂解事件有关,而1792~2261Ma的岩浆活动则与Columbia超大陆的聚合和裂解事件相对应,2298~2500Ma碎屑锆石年龄可能暗示在扬子克拉通南缘存在古元古代基底,少量大于2500Ma的锆石年龄表明在扬子克拉通南缘还存在太古宙基底物质。5个样品均缺少1100~1300Ma格林威尔造山时期的记录,说明江南造山带并非处在Rodinia超级大陆的中心。总之,扬子克拉通南缘及江南造山带西南部至少经历了三期强烈的构造-岩浆热事件,这三期事件在桂北地区的南华系沉积地层中均有非常清楚的记录。     

中国元古代碳酸盐岩微亮晶构造及形成的沉积环境约束

微亮晶构造(Microspar,Molar-Tooth Structure,简称MT)发育于全球各稳定克拉通的中、新元古代盖层碳酸盐岩中。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩也发育于中国大部分地区的中、新元古代地层中。全球范围的中、新元古代微亮晶构造都表现显著一致的岩石学和沉积学特征。微亮晶构造呈肠状褶皱状等复杂形态。微亮晶由5~15μm的均匀、等粒状,规则或不规则多边形方解石或白云石组成。宿主沉积岩相岩石主要含有少量陆源碎屑物质的碎屑灰岩。微亮晶构造在阴极发光(CL)和背散射(BS)显微镜下显示,每个微晶方解石个体内部发育似棱形的晶核,其外为叠置的微晶方解石晶簇,说明微亮晶构造是围绕微晶核"增生"加大的集合体。微亮晶和宿主围岩电子探针测试表明,微亮晶Ca含量38%~40%,Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Fe含量小于0.2%,基质中粘土矿物含量和Si和Al的含量较高。微亮晶宿主岩相主要砂屑、粉屑和泥屑灰岩(白云岩)与含铁含泥灰质泥页岩,垂向岩相序列表现为向上变浅、变薄,其中频繁发育冲刷、充填和硬底(hardground)与压溶构造,以及平行层理,各种规模斜层理、波状层理-水平层理、粒序层理、同沉积揉皱构造和变浅与暴露构造等,反应了微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩的形成严格受沉积环境和微沉积岩相的约束,无一例外地发育于浅潮下带-潮上带(环潮坪)环境。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩不仅是环潮坪沉积环境的指相标志,也是全球元古代时期特殊与重要沉积岩石类型,其形成受控于全球古地理和古海洋地球化学条件与背景,是中、新元古代时期全球变化的沉积记录,有益于全球对比和元古代古地理、大地构造重建。     

兰坪盆地连城脉状铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其地质意义

兰坪盆地贱金属矿床是一套独特的受逆冲推覆构造系统控制的矿床类型,连城脉状铜矿床是其重要组成之一.以往研究采用多种测年手段限定脉状铜矿成矿年龄,但结果分歧较大.本文采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法,获得连城矿床辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为(48.14±0.87)Ma,等时线年龄为(49.0±1.3)Ma,初步厘定兰坪盆地热液脉型铜矿床形成于48～49 Ma.结合区域地质与控矿构造分析,该矿床应为盆地西部逆冲带逆冲变形过程中的产物,由此限定兰坪盆地西部逆冲推覆的起始时间至少早于49 Ma,同时佐证了兰坪盆地西部逆冲带内以Cu(-Ag)为主的成矿系统的形成发育可能早于东部逆冲推覆带内以Pb-Zn为主的成矿系统.