Object-oriented land cover classification using HJ-1 remote sensing imagery

The object-oriented information extraction technique was used to improve classification accuracy, and addressed the problem that HJ-1 CCD remote sensing images have only four spectral bands with moderate spatial resolution. We used two key techniques: the selection of optimum image segmentation scale and the development of an appropriate object-oriented information extraction strategy. With the principle of minimizing merge cost of merging neighboring pixels/objects, we used spatial autocorrelation index Moran’s I and the variance index to select the optimum segmentation scale. The Nearest Neighborhood (NN) classifier based on sampling and a knowledge-based fuzzy classifier were used in the object-oriented information extraction strategy. In this classification step, feature optimization was used to improve information extraction accuracy using reduced data dimension. These two techniques were applied to land cover information extraction for Shanghai city using a HJ-1 CCD image. Results indicate that the information extraction accuracy of the object-oriented method was much higher than that of the pixel-based method.     

金川岩浆铜镍（铂）硫化物矿床中两类橄榄石的发现及其成矿意义

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是世界第三大岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床,其成因机制一直备受争议。主要成矿模型有以下两种:(1)岩浆通道堆积模型;(2)深部熔离-多次贯入模型。目前,二者均不能较好解释矿区中存在的各种地质现象。本文重点研究矿区橄榄石的特征,借此来探讨"硫化物矿浆"的迁移方式与侵位能力。本次研究在金川矿床中发现了两类橄榄石:LREE亏损型(Ⅰ型)与LREE富集型(Ⅱ型)。其中,Ⅰ型橄榄石为岩浆正常结晶的原始颗粒,常见复杂的成分环带,由原生橄榄石与晶间硅酸盐熔体/不混溶硫化物熔体发生物质交换所形成,继承了玄武质岩浆稀土含量低的特征,广泛分布于各类超基性岩石与矿石中;Ⅱ型橄榄石常见包裹斜方辉石的反序列包含关系,以稀土含量高(～2个数量级)且相对富Mg而显著区别于前者,为辉石堆晶颗粒经流体触发不一致熔融后再结晶形成的橄榄石,多见于硫化物矿石中。金川矿床硫化物矿石中广泛发育的原生富Cl含水矿物(金云母、角闪石、磷灰石)与Ⅰ型橄榄石边部活动性元素含量的剧增,暗示金川矿体形成过程受富Cl流体影响显著。实验岩石学与动力学模拟的新研究进展表明流体的加入可有效推动高密度硫化物的迁移,流体的加入可能是金川硫化物矿浆上侵运移的主要机制。结合硫化物Cu/Ni西高东低的空间演化规律,橄榄石Fo值西高东低的空间变化趋势与晶体粒度西细东粗的分布特征可以推测,金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道的前进方向为自西向东。