Assessment of cadmium,zinc and lead contamination in leaf and root of four various species

Heavy metals toxicity is a significant problem for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons. This study was carried out to evaluate the amount of cadmium, zinc and lead absorption in leaf and root of pine, cypress, plantain and ash in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. For this purpose, three heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and three sites (heavy traffic, moderate traffic and control) were chosen based on their effects on human health. The results indicated that the highest and lowest lead and cadmium concentrations belonged to heavy traffic site and control site, respectively. Cd in leaf versus Pb in leaf and Cd in root versus Pb in root had the highest correlation coefficient among the traits indicating positive influence of leaf and root on absorbing Cd and Pb from soil, water and air. In all the studied species, the concentration of Pb was higher than that of Cd and Zn. This was certainty due to the vehicle traffic emitting much more lead than cadmium and zinc. In all the studied species, metal concentration in leaves was higher than in roots, which may be due to high concentration of heavy metals in air than in soil. In this study, Pinus eldarica Medw. tree was found to be the best species to monitor polluted sites in Isfahan city.     

Determining the hard rock groundwater pathway in Golgohar complex formation using hydrochemical data in AHP

Thirty percent of present industrial water consumption of the Golgohar Iron Ore Mine (GIOM) is supplied from a hard rock well (PW-A15) and the rest from 25 wells located in 4 disconnected alluvial aquifers. This well is drilled in the metamorphic complex of Golgohar formation. Attempts have been made to develop extraction of water from other hard rocks existing in the area with no success. Therefore, extensive researches have been carried out to find the pathway, or a provision pathway of water discharged from this well. To study the hydrochemical similarity of this water with other water resources, 122 water samples from an area of 7132 km² were collected from the existing pumping wells, piezometers, mine exploration bore holes, and three salt pans in the vicinity of the area for hydrochemical analysis. The analyses were performed for concentration of major ions and some minor elements. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of ion concentration was plotted in the GIS to delineate the similarity of the PW-A15 water with other water sources and their hydrochemical neighborhood by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The AHP was performed in two steps: first, iso-concentration maps of seven major ions, eight minor elements, and TDS were used to produce an AHP map (Map1) using weights for different hydrochemical parameters; and second, a similarity index (SI) map was prepared by performing a suggested clustering approach in SPSS using K-means clustering, which was overlaid on Map1 producing Map2. The result of AHP Map2 was then overlaid on the iso-potential map of the sampled locations in GIS software using a mask operator. Therefore, the zones having the most similarity and higher hydraulic potential than PW-A15 were nominated as the zones which possibly could recharge this well, and the groundwater (GW) pathway was proposed. The result of the study method showed to be successful and will be used as a guide for future exploration drillings.     

The effects of integrals on the totality of solutions of dynamical systems

Regions of possible motions are established for dynamical systems possessing time-independent Hamiltonians or for systems which are reducible to that form by means of integrals of the motion using only extended point transformations. The method is applied to the problem of three bodies in a plane and surfaces of zero velocity are found. The governing parameters are the energy, angular momentum and the masses of the participating bodies. The analytical and geometrical properties of these surfaces provide qualitative results for given constants of the motion.     

Comparison between ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) based on estimation error. Case study: Dardevey iron ore deposit,NE Iran

Estimation of mineral resources and reserves with low values of error is essential in mineral exploration. The aim of this study is to compare inverse distance weighted (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) methods based on error estimation in the Dardevey iron ore deposit, NE Iran. Anisotropic ellipsoid and variograms were calculated and generated for estimation of Fe distribution by both methods. Density, continuity of ore and waste, the number of points involved, and the discretization factor in the estimation of ore and waste boundaries were determined and the resource estimated by IDW and OK methods. Estimation errors were classified based on JORC standard, and both methods were compared due to distribution of error estimation. Results obtained by the study indicate that error estimation of OK method is less than IDW method and that the results of OK method are reliable.     

Evaluation of Air Pollution Trend Using GIS and RS Applications in South West of Iran

In this paper, remote sensing and GIS have been used to assess the status of NO₂ at the south west of Iran. 221 data about concentration of NO₂ was extracted from Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods was used to interpolate data. Results showed that ordinary kriging method using cross-validation have had less error. North east of the study area has the highest concentration of NO₂ (329 molecule/cm²) and the concentration of NO₂ decreases from north east to South west of the study area. On the other hand, data trend results showed that the data seems to exhibit a fairly strong trend in the east west direction and a weaker one in the north–south direction.     

Estimation of the maximum credible hazard in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore due to gigantic Sumatran megathrust earthquakes: based on a comparative study on attenuation laws

Natural Hazards - This paper has classified nine attenuation laws derived for subduction interface earthquakes through a comparative study based on the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) recorded in...     

基于地理信息系统的植被退化风险评估:以伊朗Qareh Aghaj盆地为例（英文）

伊朗南部面临各种类型的土地退化问题,其中植被退化是其中主要类型之一。本研究选择蒙特河上游地区的Qareh Aghaj盆地(1 265 000公顷)进行土地退化的风险评估。基于多源的植被退化指标的数据,开发了一种新的模型来评估植被退化的风险。该模型选择植被退化的九个指标,确定了具有"潜在风险"(风险区)和"实际风险"区域的领域,并预测未来恶化的可能性。基于对这些指标的GIS分析、编制风险地图将有助于确定这些地区的优先次序以启动补救措施。通过定义九个指标严重程度等级的阈值,首先在GIS中制备了每个指标的风险地图。风险等级是根据风险评分确定的,通过给指标分配适当的属性,风险图是在GIS中通过叠加9个风险地图来综合生成的,结果发现实际风险区域在该流域范围内(78%)广泛存在。