综合物探方法在坦桑尼亚西嘎山地区金矿勘查中的应用

坦桑尼亚西嘎山(Siga Hills)地区位于坦桑尼亚西北部苏库马兰德绿岩带东南端,20世纪初在该绿岩带内发现了一系列世界级金矿床,如盖塔(Geita)金矿和布鲁扬葫芦(Bulyanhulu)金矿.由于该地区金矿床多属于绿岩带条带状铁建造型金矿,具有明显的强磁异常特征,因此可以通过航磁及地面高精度磁测来查明目标体的规模和大小,但受磁测方法限制以及大部分金矿体为半隐伏或全隐伏状态,因此无法对靶区内宽度仅为几米或十几米的隐伏含矿构造体进行更细致的研究.本文以西嘎山地区某一 隐伏金矿区为研究对象,通过开展地面高精度磁测、岩样物性测量、激电剖面和断面测量等综合物探工作手段,取得了较丰富的异常信息.缩小了找矿靶区;了解了区内金矿体与围岩的物性差异;查明了含矿构造的平面和断面电性特征,并通过钻探工程得到了验证,提交区内(333)+(334)?金金属量9 t,结合区域成矿背景总结规律,为西嘎山地区今后的隐伏金矿区找矿工作提供经验.     

Detection of the urban heat island in Beijing using HJ-1B satellite imagery

Satellite images are used extensively in studying the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. We evaluated the suitability of thermal infrared (TIR) data from the HJ-1B satellite for detecting UHI using a case study in Beijing. Two modified algorithms for retrieving the land surface temperature (LST) from HJ-1B data were tested. The results were compared with LST images derived from a Landsat TM thermal band and the MODIS LST output. The spatial pattern of UHI generated using HJ-1B data matched well with that produced using TM and MODIS data. Of the two algorithms, the mono-window algorithm performed better but further tests are necessary. With more frequent coverage than TM and higher spatial resolution than MODIS, the HJ-1B TIR data present a unique opportunity to study thermal environments in cities in China and neighboring countries.

     

Detection of the urban heat island in Beijing using HJ-1B satellite imagery

Satellite images are used extensively in studying the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. We evaluated the suitability of thermal infrared (TIR) data from the HJ-1B satellite for detecting UHI using a case study in Beijing. Two modified algorithms for retrieving the land surface temperature (LST) from HJ-1B data were tested. The results were compared with LST images derived from a Landsat TM thermal band and the MODIS LST output. The spatial pattern of UHI generated using HJ-1B data matched well with that produced using TM and MODIS data. Of the two algorithms, the mono-window algorithm performed better but further tests are necessary. With more frequent coverage than TM and higher spatial resolution than MODIS, the HJ-1B TIR data present a unique opportunity to study thermal environments in cities in China and neighboring countries.     

An improved Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica

A revised Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is presented, using the 1073 multi-band scenes of the original Landsat-7 ETM+ LIMA image collection available at the United States Geological Survey (USGS: http://lima.usgs.gov/). Three improvements have been applied during the data processing: (1) DN saturation is adjusted by adopting a linear regression, which has a lower root mean square error than the ratio regression used by LIMA; (2) solar elevation angle is calculated using pixel-level latitude/longitude and the acquisition time and date of the central pixel of the scene, improving slightly upon the bilinear interpolation of the solar elevation angles of scene corners applied in LIMA; and (3) two additional image bands, Band 5 and Band 7, are sharpened using the panchromatic band (Band 8) and a Gram-Schmidt Spectral Sharpening algorithm to more easily distinguish snow, cloud and exposed rocks. The final planetary reflectance product is stored in 16-bit bands to preserve the full radiometric content of the scenes. A comparative statistical analysis among 12 sample regions indicates that the new mosaic has enhanced visual qualities, information entropy, and information content for land cover classification relative to LIMA.     

Geographical characteristics of China’s wetlands derived from remotely sensed data

In this paper, we report the first wetland mapping of the entire China using Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data. These data were obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Maryland spanning from 1999 to 2002. A total of 597 scenes of Landsat images were georeferenced and mosaiced. Manual image interpretation of satellite images was aided with elevation data, soil data, land cover/land use data and Google Earth. The minimum mapping unit is 10 pixel × 10 pixel, equivalent...     

Using a global reference sample set and a cropland map for area estimation in China

A technically transparent and freely available reference sample set for validation of global land cover mapping was recently established to assess the accuracies of land cover maps with multiple resolutions. This sample set can be used to estimate areas because of its equal-area hexagon-based sampling design. The capabilities of these sample set-based area estimates for cropland were investigated in this paper. A 30-m cropland map for China was consolidated using three thematic maps (cropland, forest and wetland maps) to reduce confusion between cropland and forest/wetland. We compared three area estimation methods using the sample set and the 30 m cropland map. The methods investigated were: (1) pixel counting from a complete coverage map, (2) direct estimation from reference samples, and (3) model-assisted estimation combining the map with samples. Our results indicated that all three methods produced generally consistent estimates which agreed with cropland area measured from an independent national land use dataset. Areas estimated from the reference sample set were less biased by comparing with a National Land Use Dataset of China (NLUD-C). This study indicates that the reference sample set can be used as an alternative source to estimate areas over large regions.