Auswirkungen des Ablassens von Hochwasserrückhaltebecken auf deren Limnochemie und Phytoplankton-Biozönose

Reservoirs have to be released when repairing of the dams is necessary. In 1995, two reservoirs in Baden-Württemberg (Germany) of similar age and volume (Lake Herrenbach near Göppingen, 1.0 Mio. m³ and Lake Breitenau near Heilbronn, 2.3 Mio. m³) were emptied. This allowed the singular possibility to investigate the effects of drainage and refilling on the limnochemistry and the phytoplankton biocoenosis of such artificial lakes.Before the drainage of the reservoirs, both lakes showed phosphorus release from the sediment during summer stagnation. Phosphorus values of Lake Herrenbach were regularly higher than those of Lake Breitenau (Lake Herrenbach 88 μg/l, Lake Breitenau 33 μg/l). During release, both lakes indicated higher phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations as well as rising biomasses. Remarkable differences were observed during refilling of the reservoirs: while Lake Herrenbach showed higher transparency and lower phosphorus concentrations, Lake Breitenau progressed towards eutrophication (total phosphorus during summer 1996: Lake Herrenbach 30 μg/l, Lake Breitenau 55 μg/l). One reason for the reaction of Lake Breitenau was the reduced ground drainage during the refilling, which caused an accumulation of nutrients in the hypolimnion. Another reason was the mineralisation of vegetation which covered great parts of the dry lake sediment. The limnological change of Lake Herrenbach was not as clear but could be caused by the restauration of the pre-reservoir which was drainaged and dredged before the emptying of the main reservoir started as well as many other facts which differed Lake Herrenbach from Lake Breitenau.     

The restricted buffer capacity of a south Baltic estuary — The oder estuary

In the river Oder high-waters of the river with high nutrient loads and low biological activity mainly occur during winter. Thus, a remarkable portion of the annual load passes the estuary untransformed. During summer high level of biological activity is observed in the whole estuary, but while more than 10 mol/l dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) is found in the Großes Haff, where the theoretical water-residence time is only 1 month, in the western part of the estuary, where the water-residence time is approximately 3 months, all DIN is transformed into organic matter.The transformed nutrients settle partly as biological products, but they are released again in these shallow waters due to biological and physical degradation, and transported into the Baltic Sea.This behaviour may explain why in the sediments of the Oderhaff with a sedimentation rate of 1 mm/year only 1% of the annual nutrient load of the Oder river can be found.     

Paläozoische Vereisungen in Bolivien

Zusammenfassung Im mittleren Silur ist das Zapla-Eis vom Pampeanischen Massiv und vom Altiplano-Massiv nach Nordosten geflossen. Die Gondwana-Vereisung lä\t sich in Bolivien nur im Karbon feststellen, sie wird von der unterpermischen marinen Copacabana-Gruppe überdeckt. Das Gondwana-Eis in Bolivien ist anscheinend nicht vom Brasilianischen Schild, sondern aus Nordwest-Argentinien abzuleiten.

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Resumen Durante el SilÚrico Médio el glaciár de Zapla se movía hacia el Noreste, partiendo del Macizo Pampeano y del Macizo Altiplánico. — Tilitas del Gondwana fuerón observadas en Bolivia sólamente en el Carbonífero; superpuésto se encuentran los sedimentos calcáreos marinos del grupo Copacabana de edad Pérmica inferior. La glaciación del Gondwana en Bolivia probablemente no se deriva del Escudo Brasileño, mas bien de la región de La Rioja en el Noroeste Argentino

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Der staatlichen bolivianischen Erdölgesellschaft Y. P. F. B. danke ich für die Ermöglichung dieser Studien in den Jahren 1961 bis 1963, au\erdem vielen Kollegen für anregende Diskussionen.